Effect of particulate matter on coagulation process and ultrafiltration membrane contamination
WANG Zi-jie1,2, XU Hui2, YU Jun-jie2, ZHAO Chuan-liang1,2, WANG Dong-sheng2
1. School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Abstract：Taking nm-SiO2 and μm-SiO2 systems as the research objects, the coagulation-ultrafiltration experiments were carried out using three coagulants with different Al forms (AlCl3, Al13 and Al30) to investigate the removal rate of SiO2, the residual Al and coagulation pretreatment on membrane flux at different pH values. The properties of flocs and their distribution and interaction on the ultrafiltration membrane surface were characterized by Malvern laser particle sizer, SEM, BET and AFM. The results showed that the removal rate of SiO2 in the nm-SiO2 system was lower than that in the μm-SiO2 system. The membrane flux was increased from 0.68 to 0.96 (AlCl3), 0.86 (Al13) and 0.87 (Al30), respectively, after adding coagulants to the nanoparticle system. The membrane flux increased from 0.79 to 0.80~0.84 after adding three coagulants to the micron particle system. Micron-sized particles are collisions between particles, while nano-sized particles mainly collide in the form of agglomerates. The particle size of flocs formed by oligomeric aluminum(Ala) and particles are all larger than 150μm, and the zeta potential of the system is negative to generate repulsion with the membrane surface. Under neutral conditions, the strength factor of Al13 and particulate matter forming floc is much higher than that of AlCl3 and Al30. Intermediate aluminum(Alb) transfers the irreversible membrane fouling formed by the clogging of smaller particles inside the membrane pores to reversible membrane fouling on the surface of the membrane pores. Polymeric aluminum(Alc) has strong adsorption bridging and net sweeping ability, and the small amorphous and irregular agglomerated particles form larger flocs in this process to alleviate membrane fouling.
Alresheedi M T, Basu O D.Interplay of water temperature and fouling during ceramic ultrafiltration for drinking water production[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2020,8(5):104354.
[2]
Du P, Li X, Yang Y L, et al.Dual coagulation with floc breakage to alleviate ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by algae organic matter[J].Desalination, 2020,493:114660.
[3]
Hu D, Liu L, Liu W Y, et al.Improvement of sludge characteristics and mitigation of membrane fouling in the treatment of pesticide wastewater by electrochemical anaerobic membrane bioreactor[J].Water Research, 2022,213:118153.
[4]
Zhang B, Mao X, Tang X, et al.Effect of modified microbial flocculant on membrane fouling alleviation in a hybrid aerobic granular sludge membrane system for wastewater reuse[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2022,290:120819.
[5]
Huang H, Young T A, Jacangelo J G.Unified membrane fouling index for low pressure membrane filtration of natural waters:Principles and methodology[J].Environmental Science &Technology, 2008,42(3):714.
[6]
Tian J Y, Ernst M, Cui F, et al.Effect of particle size and concentration on the synergistic UF membrane fouling by particles and NOM fractions[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2013,446:1-9.
[7]
Zhang D W, Zhang K J, Chen K Y, et al.Mitigation of organic fouling of ultrafiltration membrane by high-temperature crayfish shell biochar:Performance and mechanisms[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2022,820:153183.
[8]
Miao R, Ma B P, Li P, et al.Mitigation mechanism of ozonation in the casein fouling of ultrafiltration membranes:Possible application in dairy wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2021,629:119307.
[9]
王蝶,王小洋,陈曦,等.碳纳米管界面改性超滤膜的抗污机理解析[J].中国环境科学, 2022,42(4):1618-1624.Wang D, Wang X Y, Chen X, et al.Anti-fouling mechanism for ultrafiltration membrane of modified surface by carbon nanotubes[J].Chinese Environmental Science, 2022,42(4):1618-1624.
[10]
黄健,舒增年,张四海.亲水荷电超滤膜的制备及对腐殖酸的分离性能[J].中国环境科学, 2014,34(11):2831-2837.Huang J, Zeng S N, Zhang S H.Fabrication and humic acid separation performance of hydrophilic negatively charged ultrafiltration membrane[J].Chinese Environmental Science, 2014,34(11):2831-2837.
[11]
Jiang H C, Zhao Q, Wang P, et al.Inhibition of algae-induced membrane fouling by in-situ formed hydrophilic micropillars on ultrafiltration membrane surface[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2021,638:119648.
[12]
张大为,徐慧,王希,等.藻形态及混凝剂组成对混凝-超滤过程的影响[J].环境科学, 2017,38(8):3281-3289.Zhang D W, Xu H, Wang X, et al.Effects of algal morphology and Al species distribution on the coagulation-ultrafiltration process.[J] Environmental Science, 2017,38(8):3281-3289.
[13]
Wang W Y, Yue Q Y, Guo K Y, et al.Application of Al species in coagulation/ultrafiltration process:Influence of cake layer on membrane fouling[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2019,572:161-170.
[14]
Wang W, Yue Q, Gao B Y, et al.Floc proprieties and ultrafiltration characteristics by chitosan compound aluminum species coagulant under different pH conditions[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2016,68:224-231.
[15]
Duan S X, Xu H, Xiao F, et al.Effects of Al species on coagulation efficiency, residual Al and floc properties in surface water treatment[J].Colloids & Surfaces A Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 2014,459:14-21.
[16]
Zhao B, Wang D, Li T, et al.Influence of floc structure on coagulation-microfiltration performance:Effect of Al speciation characteristics of PACls[J].Separation & Purification Technology, 2010,72(1):22-27.
[17]
Zhang D W, Xu H, Wang X, et al.Influence of coagulation process on the ultrafiltration performance-The roles of Al species and characteristics of algae-laden water[J].Separation & Purification Technology, 2017,183:32-42.
[18]
Xu H, Xiao F, Wang D.Effects of Al2O3and TiO2on the coagulation process by Al2(SO4)3 (AS) and poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) in kaolin suspension[J].Separation & Purification Technology, 2014,124:9-17.
[19]
欧阳兆辉,伍林,李孔标,等.气相法改性纳米二氧化硅表面[J].化工进展, 2005,24(11):74-78.Ou Z H, Wu L, Li K B, et al.Surface modification of nano silicon dioxide by gas phase method[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2005,24(11):74-78.
[20]
白云,蒲春生,刘帅,等.双亲纳米SiO2颗粒的制备及提高渗吸采收率性能[J].精细化工, 2022,39(4):828-836.Bai Y, Pu C S, Liu S, et al.Preparation and enhanced imbibition recovery factor performance of amphiphilic nano-SiO2 particles[J].Fine Chemicals, 2022,39(4):828-836.
[21]
Yang Z L, Gao B Y, Yue Q Y, et al.Effect of pH on the coagulation performance of Al-based coagulants and residual aluminum speciation during the treatment of humic acid-kaolin synthetic water[J].Journal of Hazardous Material, 2010,178(1):596-603.
[22]
Xu H, Jiao R Y, Xiao F, et al.Relative importance of hydrolyzed Al species (Ala, Alb, Alc) on residual Al and effects of nano-particles (Fe-surface modified TiO2 and Al2O3) on coagulation process[J].Colloids and Surface Physicochemical Engineering Aspects, 2014,446:139-150.
[23]
Xiong X J, Xu H, Zhang B P, et al.Floc structure and membrane fouling affected by sodium alginate interaction with Al species as model organic pollutants[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 82:1-13.
[24]
叶茵茵,戚菁,王洪涛,等.水中纳米颗粒的稳定性及其去除研究进展[J].水处理技术, 2012,38(12):6-11.Ye Y Y, Qi J, Wang H T, et al.Research progress on stability and removal of nanoparticles in water[J].Technology of Water treatment, 2012,38(12):6-11.
[25]
Kimura K, Kume K.Irreversible fouling in hollow-fiber PVDF MF/UF membranes filtering surface water:Effects of precoagulation and identification of the foulant[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2020,602:117975.
[26]
Gao Q, Demissie H, Lu S, et al.Impact of preformed composite coagulants on alleviating colloids and organics-based ultrafiltration membrane fouling:Role of polymer composition and permeate quality[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021,9(4):105264.
[27]
Herzberg M, Kang S, Elimelech M.Role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2009,43(12):4393-4398.
[28]
Yu C, Gao B Y, Wang W Y, et al.Alleviating membrane fouling of modified polysulfone membrane via coagulation pretreatment/ultrafiltration hybrid process[J].Chemosphere, 2019,235:58-69.
[29]
Zhang Z, Li D Y, Zhang B B, et al.Membrane surface roughness characterization and its influence on ultrafine particle adhesion[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2012,90:140-146.
