Abstract:Contingent valuation method (CVM) is an effective approach to estimate the full value of public goods or services, such as resources and environment. China has introduced CVM for a short time, and it is still in the stage of applying relevant theories and imitating evaluation methods. It means that we lack of scientific guidance in questionnaire design, scenario description, value elicitation techniques selection, model application, as well as reliability and validity examination. This paper systematically summarizes CVM from the perspective of theory, method and practice, especially supplements the random value theory and the issue of value elicitation techniques selection considering the uncertainty of individuals' preferences. It is suggested that we should strengthen the theory and method system improvement of CVM, conduct large-scale surveys in different regions, carry out comparative studies using different value elicitation techniques, pay attention to the impact of uncertainty bias and promote the reliability and validity verification of the results in the future research.
武照亮. CVM在中国资源环境价值评估中的应用[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(10): 4931-4938.
WU Zhao-liang. Application of contingent valuation method in resources and environmental value assessment in China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(10): 4931-4938.
武照亮,王华.基于随机价值理论的居民大气环境质量改善支付意愿研究[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2022,36(5):8-16.Wu Z L, Wang H.Residents' willingness to pay for air quality improvement:A random value theory based analysis[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2022,36(5):8-16.
[2]
张启蒙,张越.条件价值评估法在固体废弃物管理研究中的应用[J].宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2016,38(5):137-142.Zhang Q M, Zhang Y.Application of contingent valuation method in solid waste management[J].Journal of Ningxia University (Humanities & Social Sciences Edition), 2016,38(5):137-142.
[3]
袁瑞娟,李凯琳.基于意愿调查评估法的东苕溪水质改善的社会效益评估[J].地理科学, 2018,38(7):1183-1188.Yuan R J, Li K L.Estimating social benefits of water quality improvement for a case study in East Tiaoxi River in China:A contingent valuation approach[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(7):1183-1188.
[4]
李京梅,单菁竹,邓云成,等.海洋生物多样性价值评估的不确定性偏差修正:以福建平潭为例[J].资源科学, 2020,42(7):1338-1347.Li J M, Shan J Z, Deng Y C, et al.Uncertainty bias and its correction in contingent valuation method:A case study of marine biodiversity valuation in Pingtan County[J].Resources Science, 2020,42(7):1338-1347.
[5]
Tonin S.Estimating the benefits of restoration and preservation scenarios of marine biodiversity:An application of the contingent valuation method[J].Environmental Science & Policy, 2019,100:172-182.
[6]
赵苗苗,赵海凤,李仁强,等.青海省1998~2012年草地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].自然资源学报, 2017,32(3):418-433.Zhao M M, Zhao H F, Li R Q, et al.Assessment on grassland ecosystem services in Qinghai province during 1998~2012[J].Journal of Natural Resources, 2017,32(3):418-433.
[7]
Hanley N, Czajkowski M.The role of stated preference valuation methods in understanding choices and informing policy[J].Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 2019,13(2):248-266.
[8]
周晨,李国平.生态系统服务价值评估方法研究综述——兼论条件价值法理论进展[J].生态经济, 2018,34(12):207-214.Zhou C, Li G P.A review of evaluation methods of ecosystem services:Also on the theoretical progress of contingent valuation method[J].Ecological Economy, 2018,34(12):207-214.
[9]
王坤鹏,牛海鹏.基于CVM不同支付方式的耕地保护外部性测度及其差异性分析[J].中国农业资源与区划, 2018,39(5):128-136.Wang K P, Niu H P.Measurement of cultivated land protection externalities and analysis of differences under different pay ways based on CVM[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2018,39(5):128-136.
[10]
Cummings R G, Brookshire D S, Schulze W D.Valuing environmental goods:a state of the arts assessment of the contingent valuation method[M].Totowa, NJ:Roweman and Allanheld, 1986.
[11]
Bateman I J, Willis K G.Valuing environmental preferences:Theory and practice of the contingent valuation method in the US, EU, and developing countries[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2001.
[12]
NOAA Panel.National oceanic and atmospheric administration.Report of the NOAA panel on contingent valuation[J].Federal Register, 1993,58:4602-4614.
[13]
Johnston R J, Boyle K J, Adamowicz W (Vic), et al.Contemporary Guidance for Stated Preference Studies[J].Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 2017,4(2):319-405.
[14]
苏红岩,王华.意愿调查法中的偏好不确定性研究综述[J].资源科学, 2019,41(12):2327-2341.Su H Y, Wang H.A review of preference uncertainty in contingent valuation method[J].Resources Science, 2019,41(12):2327-2341.
[15]
Shaikh S L, Sun L, Kooten G C V.Treating respondent uncertainty in contingent valuation:A comparison of empirical treatments[J].Ecological Economics, 2007,62(1):115-125.
[16]
崔卫华,郭玮.意愿调查法在我国遗产资源价值评价领域的应用与研究进展[J].经济地理, 2013,33(4):168-173.Cui W H, Guo W.The application of contingent valuation method in the measurement of heritage resource:A review[J].Economic Geography, 2013,33(4):168-173.
[17]
肖建红.CVM有效性和可靠性的研究与争论:范围问题的探讨[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版), 2020,20(6):59-74.Xiao J H.The research and debate over the validity and reliability of CVM:The issue of scope.[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences (Social Sciences Edition), 2020,20(6):59-74.
[18]
Ferreira S, Marques R C.Contingent valuation method applied to waste management[J].Resources Conservation & Recycling, 2015,99:111-117.
[19]
张保留,罗宏,吕连宏,等.京津冀区域清洁取暖的支付意愿和影响因素[J].中国环境科学, 2021,41(1):490-496.Zhang B L, Luo H, Lü L H, et al.The willingness to pay for clean heating and its influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J].China Environmental Science, 2021,41(1):490-496.
[20]
Hanemann W M, Kriström B, Li C.Nonmarket valuation under preference uncertainty:Econometric models and estimation[Z].Umea:The Annual Meeting of the European Association of Environmental & Resource Economists, 1995.
[21]
Li C Z, Mattson L.Discrete choice under preference uncertainty:An improved structural model for contingent valuation[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1995,28(2):256-269.
[22]
Voltaire L, Pirrone C, Bailly D, et al.Dealing with preference uncertainty in contingent willingness to pay for a nature protection program:A new approach[J].Ecological Economics, 2013,88(3):76-85.
[23]
Wang H.Contingent valuation of environmental resources:A stochastic perspective[D].Chapel Hill:University of N.Carolina, 1997.
[24]
黄文彬,陈风波,谭莹.种粮目的对农地流转中农户意愿价格差异的影响[J].资源科学, 2017,39(10):1844-1857.Huang W B, Chen F B, Tan Y.The effect of grain production purpose on the disparity of farmers' land transferring willingness price[J].Resources Science, 2017,39(10):1844-1857.
[25]
Brown Z S.Distributional policy impacts, WTP-WTA disparities, and the Kaldor-Hicks tests in benefit-cost analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2022,113:102654.
[26]
曾贤刚,许志华,鲁颐琼.基于CVM的城市大气细颗粒物健康风险的经济评估——以北京市为例[J].中国环境科学, 2015,35(7):2233-2240.Zeng X G, Xu Z H, Lu Y Q.Economic evaluation of health risks caused by PM2.5 in Beijing based on contingent valuation method[J].China Environmental Science, 2015,35(7):2233-2240.
[27]
Kim J, Lee H J, Huh S Y, et al.Households' willingness to pay for developing marine bio-hydrogen technology:The case of South Korea[J].International journal of hydrogen energy, 2019,44(26):12907-12917.
[28]
Ji Q, Lee H Y, Huh S Y.Measuring the economic value of green roofing in South Korea:A contingent valuation approach[J].Energy & Buildings, 2022,261:111975.
[29]
Perni Á, Barreiro-Hurlé J, Martínez-Paz J M.Contingent valuation estimates for environmental goods:Validity and reliability[J].Ecological Economics, 2021,189:107144.
[30]
胡欢,章锦河,刘泽华,等.国家公园游客旅游生态补偿支付意愿及影响因素研究——以黄山风景区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2017,26(12):2012-2022.Hu H, Zhang J H, Liu Z H, et al.tourists' willingness to pay for tourism ecological compensation and the influencing factors in national parks:take a case of Huangshan scenic area[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2017,26(12):2012-2022.
[31]
Dekker T, Hess S, Brouwer R, et al.Decision uncertainty in multi-attribute stated preference studies[J].Resource and Energy Economics, 2016,43:57-73.
[32]
Czajkowski M, Hanley N, Nyborg K.Social norms, morals and self-interest as determinants of pro-environment behaviors:The case of household recycling[J].Environmental and Resource Economics, 2017,66:647-670.
[33]
蔡玉莹,于冰.基于CVM的海洋保护区生态补偿标准及影响因素研究——以嵊泗马鞍列岛为例[J].海洋环境科学, 2021,40(1):107-113.Cai Y Y, Yu B.The standard and its influencing factors of ecological compensation on marine protected areas based on CVM:A case study of Shengsi Ma'an Islands[J].Marine Environmental Science, 2021, 40(1):107-113.
[34]
Bishop R C, Boyle K J.Reliability and validity in nonmarket valuation[J].Environmental and Resource Economics, 2019,72:559-582.
[35]
单菁竹,李京梅,许志华.CVM中的抗议性响应:动机与影响——以胶州湾浒苔治理支付意愿为例[J].自然资源学报, 2020,35(3):626-638.Shan J Z, Li J M, Xu Z H.The protest response in contingent valuation method:Motivation and impact:A case study of willingness to pay for the governance of green tides in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Natural Resources, 2020,35(3):626-638.
[36]
Wang H, He J, Kim Y, et al.Willingness-to-pay for water quality improvements in Chinese rivers:An empirical test on the ordering effects of multiple-bounded discrete choices[J].Journal of Environmental Management, 2013,131:256-269.
[37]
段存儒,丁蔓,王华,等.社会资本、政府满意度与居民大气环境支付意愿——基于石家庄市的调查数据[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2022,36(4):15-23.Duan C R, Ding M, Wang H, et al.Effects of social capital and satisfaction with government on residents' willingness to pay for air quality improvement[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2022,36(4):15-23.
[38]
Welsh M P, Poe G L.Elicitation effects in contingent valuation:Comparison to a multiple bounded discrete choice approach[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1998,36(2):170-185.
[39]
Alberini A, Boyle K, Welsh M.Analysis of contingent valuation data with multiple bids and response options allowing respondents to express uncertainty[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2003,45(1):40-62.
[40]
Evans M F, Flores N E, Boyle K J.Multiple-bounded uncertainty choice data as probabilistic intentions[J].Land Economics, 2003, 79(4):549-560.
[41]
Kobayashi M, Moeltner K, Rollins K.Latent thresholds analysis of choice data under value uncertainty[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2012,94(1):189-208.