铜-硫共存对稻田土壤CH<sub>4</sub>和N<sub>2</sub>O排放的影响及其机制

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摘要为探究酸性稻田土壤中铜(Cu)和硫(S)共存对温室气体排放的影响,本研究模拟土壤淹水环境开展室内培养实验,以尿素为氮源分别设置CK、CuCl₂和CuSO₄(5,50,100mgCu/kg)、KCl和K₂SO₄(阴离子浓度分别与6种Cu处理一致)13种处理,考虑重金属在土壤中充分老化,共培养128d.结果表明:在长期淹水条件下,酸性土壤显著促进铜硫处理中有效Cu和易溶S释放(<0.05),释放量与初始Cu²⁺和SO₄^2-添加量成正比,Cu-S共存降低了彼此有效性.与CK相比,CH₄和N₂O排放在5mg/kg Cu处理、不同浓度KCl和K₂SO₄处理中均降低,降幅分别为19.4%~56.2%和36.1%~84.5%;在50和100mg/kg Cu处理下显著升高且与Cu浓度成正比(<0.05),增幅分别为28.9%~615.2%和97.5%~337.4%.与KCl处理相比,N₂O排放在中、高浓度K₂SO₄处理中显著降低(<0.05),分别减少74.1%和69.6%,CH₄排放未受影响(>0.05).与CuCl₂处理相比,CH₄和N₂O排放在中、高浓度CuSO₄处理中显著降低(<0.05),分别减少46.0%、66.0%和17.7%、37.3%.Cu-S作用机制表现为:与Cu单一处理相比,Cu-S共存在CH₄排放过程中通过降低产甲烷古菌功能基因(mcrA)和产甲烷细菌功能基因(16S rRNA-CH₄)丰度减少CH₄产生;在N₂O排放过程中于培养前期(0~35d)增加氨单加氧酶功能基因(AOB amoA)丰度促进硝化过程N₂O产生,培养后期(35~128d)提高氧化亚氮还原酶功能基因(nosZ)丰度促进N₂O还原减少了N₂O排放.本研究表明变价阴离子可显著影响重金属阳离子参与的温室气体产生的微生物过程,该交互过程的研究对正确评价重金属污染背景下的农田土壤温室气体排放具有重要意义.

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关键词 ：稻田土壤, 温室气体排放, Cu, SO₄^2-, 浓度效应

Abstract：In order to investigate the effect of co-existence of copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) in acidic paddy soils on greenhouse gas emissions, this study conducted an indoor flooding incubation experiment with thirteen treatments including CK, CuCl₂, CuSO₄ (5, 50, and 100mg Cu/kg), KCl, and K₂SO₄ (with anionic concentrations equal to that of the six Cu treatments), respectively. Urea was used as the nitrogen source. A total of 128d of incubation was prepared for sufficient aging of heavy metals in the soil. The results showed that acidic soils significantly promoted the release of available Cu (P<0.05) and soluble sulfur from the copper and sulfur treatments under long-term flooding conditions (P<0.05), and the release amount was proportional to the initial amount of Cu²⁺ and SO₄^2- addition, but the Cu-S coexistence treatment reduced the effectiveness of each other. Compared with CK, the treatments of 5mg/kg Cu and different concentrations of KCl and K₂SO₄ decreased CH₄ and N₂O emissions by 19.4%~56.2% and 36.1%~84.5%, but 50 and 100mg/kg Cu significantly increased CH₄ and N₂O emissions of 28.9% to 615.2% and 97.5% to 337.4% (P<0.05), which was proportional to the Cu concentration. Compared with KCl treatment, medium and high concentration of K₂SO₄ treatments significantly reduced N₂O emissions by 74.1% and 69.6% (P<0.05), but did not significantly affect CH₄emissions (P>0.05). Compared with CuCl₂ treatment, medium and high concentration of CuSO₄ treatments significantly reduced the emission of CH₄and N₂O (P<0.05) by 46.0%, 66.0% and 17.7%, 37.3%. The mechanism of function of the Cu-S was that the coexistence of Cu-S reduced CH₄ emission by reducing the abundance of methanogenic archaea (mcrA) and methanogenic bacterial functional genes (16S rRNA-CH₄). Moreover, the coexistence of Cu-S promoted N₂O emission by increasing ammonia monooxygenase functional gene (AOB amoA) abundance during early incubation (0~35d), whereas increased nitrous oxide reductase functional gene (nosZ) abundance during late period (35~128d) to reduce N₂O emission. This study shows that the variable valence anion can significantly affect the microbial process of greenhouse gas production involving heavy metal cations, and the study of this interaction process has profound significance for the correct evaluation of GHGs emissions from farmland soil polluted by heavy metal.

Key words： paddy soil greenhouse gas emissions Cu SO₄^2- concentration effect

收稿日期: 2023-11-20

PACS:

X511

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1901603);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41675148)

通讯作者: 蒋静艳副教授,lilacjjy@njau.edu.cn E-mail: lilacjjy@njau.edu.cn

作者简介: 冯廉洁(1998-),女,河南郑州人,南京农业大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为环境污染与全球变化.发表论文3篇.304971925@qq.com.

引用本文:

冯廉洁, 龚叶莎, 丁敏, 蒋静艳. 铜-硫共存对稻田土壤CH₄和N₂O排放的影响及其机制[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(6): 3030-3039. FENG Lian-jie, GONG Ye-sha, DING Min, JIANG Jing-yan. Effects of co-existence of copper and sulfur on CH₄ and N₂O emissions from paddy soils and the mechanism. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(6): 3030-3039.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I6/3030

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