KANG Wen-hui1,2,3, ZHOU Yin-zhu4, LEI Mi1,2,3, HAN Shuang-bao4, ZHOU Jin-long1,2,3
1. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; 2. Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China; 3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China; 4. Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300304, China
Abstract：Groundwater is one of the major water sources for production, living and agricultural irrigation in the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang. Due to the influence of regional environmental background and long-term effect of human activities, high arsenic (As), Fluoride (F) and iodine (I) in groundwater is the main issue of groundwater quality. To better understand the distribution and enrichment genesis of As, F and I in groundwater in the Manas River Basin, the hydrochemical and spatial distribution of groundwater with high As, high F and high I were analyzed via correlation analysis and geochemical simulation. Moreover, source, migration and enrichment processes of groundwater As, F and I were further clarified with the combination of geological conditions and groundwater occurrence environment. Results showed that the variation ranges of As, F and I in groundwater are 1.13 to 41.35μg/L 0.06 to 8.02mg/L, and < 0.025 to 0.249mg/L, respectively. Over-limit rate of groundwater As, F and I were 62.9%, 45.7% and 45.7%, respectively. Groundwater samples high in As, F and I had the over-limit rate of 31.4%. Groundwater with the co-enrichment of As, F and I was mainly distributed in the plain area near the desert edge in the eastern part of the Manas River Basin with the primary hydrochemistry type of HCO3·SO4·Cl-Na. From single structure phreatic in the piedmont area to confined groundwater in the plain area, groundwater As increased along the flowpath and decreased near the desert edge. Horizontally, groundwater leaching led to the enrichment of As from As-rich strata in the piedmont area in the south to the confined groundwater area, and the reduction process of SO42- under alkaline environment contributed to the desorption of As. Groundwater F increased gradually along the flowpath, reaching 2.5mg/L at the edge of Gurbantunggut Desert. Reduction environment with high HCO3-, Na+ and pH was the major reason for F release from aquifer matrix to groundwater. Groundwater I showed an increase trend along the flowpath generally. Enrichment of I in phreatic water in the confined water area was mainly affected by evaporation and concentration, while that in confined groundwater was mainly affected by rock weathering. Groundwater with As-F-I co-enrichment was mainly distributed in confined groundwater at the depth of 100 to 300m. In the closed confined aquifer, , mineral dissolution and precipitation and water-rock interaction under alkaline-reducing environment were the main mechanism for groundwater As-F-I co-enrichment.
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