Performance of autotrophic/heterotrophic biological nitrogen removal process based on organic energy conversion
LI Wei1, LI Xiang1,2,3, YUAN Yan1, HUANG Yong1,2, FENG Zhen4, LI Peng-fei4
1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; 2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; 3. Suzhou Tianjun Environmental Technology Co., LTD., Suzhou 215000, China; 4. Suzhou Keride Energy Conservation and Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215011, China
摘要 In order to solve the problems of low energy recovery rate and high energy consumption of traditional nitrification and denitrification in the treatment of high organic carbon and high ammonia wastewater by the anaerobic internal circulation reactor (IC)-anaerobic aerobic process (AO). Based on partial nitrification/anaerobic ammonia oxidation (PN/A), and IC high-efficiency methanation, complete autotrophic nitrogen removal process (CANON) to treat this kind of wastewater was designed, and the operating characteristics of IC-CANON in the energy recovery and nitrogen removal process were discussed, and the differences between IC-CANON and traditional IC-AO energy recovery, nitrogen removal stability and energy consumption level were evaluated. The results showed that when the C/N of IC effluent was 0.5~1, the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of the CANON process reached the highest of 0.24kg/(m3·d), the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was (76.2±5)%, and the minimum nitrogen removal contribution rate of Anammox was more than 70%. When influent C/N was 1.9~4, the NRR of first AO reached the highest of 0.14kg/(m3·d), and the NRE was (89.6±0.9)%. When the nitrogen load rate (NLR) of influent fluctuated at 0.22~0.32kg/(m3·d), the minimum contribution rates of CANON process NRE and Anammox remained above 70% and 65%, respectively. When the influent C/N increased to 2.2, the activity of Anammox in CANON was inhibited, and the NRE decreased from 76% to 45.4%. CANON had a strong resistance to NLR impact, but a poor resistance to organic load impact. Under the fluctuations of C/N and NLR of 0.6~6.6kg/(m3·d) and 0.06~0.16kg/(m3·d), the NRE of the first AO remained at about 90%, compared with Canon, the AO process had well resistance to NLR and organic load impact at the same time. When the NRR of the CANON process reached more than 0.21kg/(m3·d), the energy consumption of nitrogen removal is 3.5~3.6kWh/kgN, which can save (77.8±1.8)% compared with the AO process under the same influent and effluent, and the IC energy recovery rate increased from 62.1% to 89.2%.
Abstract：In order to solve the problems of low energy recovery rate and high energy consumption of traditional nitrification and denitrification in the treatment of high organic carbon and high ammonia wastewater by the anaerobic internal circulation reactor (IC)-anaerobic aerobic process (AO). Based on partial nitrification/anaerobic ammonia oxidation (PN/A), and IC high-efficiency methanation, complete autotrophic nitrogen removal process (CANON) to treat this kind of wastewater was designed, and the operating characteristics of IC-CANON in the energy recovery and nitrogen removal process were discussed, and the differences between IC-CANON and traditional IC-AO energy recovery, nitrogen removal stability and energy consumption level were evaluated. The results showed that when the C/N of IC effluent was 0.5~1, the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of the CANON process reached the highest of 0.24kg/(m3·d), the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was (76.2±5)%, and the minimum nitrogen removal contribution rate of Anammox was more than 70%. When influent C/N was 1.9~4, the NRR of first AO reached the highest of 0.14kg/(m3·d), and the NRE was (89.6±0.9)%. When the nitrogen load rate (NLR) of influent fluctuated at 0.22~0.32kg/(m3·d), the minimum contribution rates of CANON process NRE and Anammox remained above 70% and 65%, respectively. When the influent C/N increased to 2.2, the activity of Anammox in CANON was inhibited, and the NRE decreased from 76% to 45.4%. CANON had a strong resistance to NLR impact, but a poor resistance to organic load impact. Under the fluctuations of C/N and NLR of 0.6~6.6kg/(m3·d) and 0.06~0.16kg/(m3·d), the NRE of the first AO remained at about 90%, compared with Canon, the AO process had well resistance to NLR and organic load impact at the same time. When the NRR of the CANON process reached more than 0.21kg/(m3·d), the energy consumption of nitrogen removal is 3.5~3.6kWh/kgN, which can save (77.8±1.8)% compared with the AO process under the same influent and effluent, and the IC energy recovery rate increased from 62.1% to 89.2%.
李伟, 李祥, 袁砚, 黄勇, 冯震, 李鹏飞. 基于有机物能源化的自养/异养生物脱氮工艺性能[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(11): 6068-6076.
LI Wei, LI Xiang, YUAN Yan, HUANG Yong, FENG Zhen, LI Peng-fei. Performance of autotrophic/heterotrophic biological nitrogen removal process based on organic energy conversion. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(11): 6068-6076.
[1] 余晓玲,邓 觅,吴永明,等.UASB-两级A/O-生态塘组合工艺处理养猪废水 [J]. 给水排水, 2018,54(3):59-63. Yu X L, Deng M, Wu Y M, et al. Treatment of swine wastewater by combined process of UASB-two stage A/O-ecological pond [J]. Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2018,54(3):59-63. [2] 刘 强,张 磊.UASB+两级AO+MBR工艺处理高浓度原料药废水 [J]. 中国给水排水, 2023,39(10):139-143. Liu Q, Zhang L. Engineering design of UASB, two stage AO, and MBR process for treating high concentration API wastewater [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2023,39(10):139-143. [3] 万金保,付 煜,刘 峰,等.混凝-UASB-两级A/O工艺处理白酒废水 [J]. 中国给水排水, 2017,33(24):114-117. Wan J B, Fu Y, Liu F, et al. Treatment of liquor wastewater by combined coagulation, UASB, and two-stage A/O process [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2017,33(24):114-117. [4] Zhu J C, Zou X Y, Zheng Y, et al. Typical community structure and functional genes of anammox and changes in the effects of saline wastewaters: A critical review [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023,11(6):111481. [5] Tian X, Schopf A, Amaral-Stewart B, et al. Anammox attachment and biofilm development on surface-modified carriers with planktonic-and biofilm-based inoculation [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020, 317:124030. [6] Speth Daan R. Genome-based microbial ecology of anammox granules in a full-scale wastewater treatment system [J]. Nature Communications, 2016,7(1):11172. [7] Lotti T, Kleerebezem R, Abelleira-pereira J M, et al. Faster through training: The anammox case [J]. Water Research, 2015,81:261-268. [8] Chen X Y, Liu L J, Bi Y M, et al. A review of anammox metabolic response to environmental factors: Characteristic and mechanisms [J]. Environmental Research, 2023,223:115464. [9] Ren Z Q, Wang H, Zhang L G, et al. A review of anammox-based nitrogen removal technology: From microbial diversity to engineering applications [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2022,363:127896. [10] Wang W G, Wang Y Y, Wang X D, et al. Dissolved oxygen microelectrode measurements to develop a more sophisticated intermittent aeration regime control strategy for biofilm-based CANON systems [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019,365:165-174. [11] Vlaeminck S E, Clippeleir H D, Verstraete W. Microbial resource management of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox. [J]. Microbial Biotechnology, 2012,5(3):433-448. [12] Wang Y J, Tabassum S, Li J. Effects of fulvic acid on the denitrification performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process for the treatment of landfill leachate [J]. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 2021,4:100173. [13] Li X, Wang J E, Yuan Y, et al. Construction and operation characteristics of a fully quantified low-carbon treatment process for old landfill leachate [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023,428:139547. [14] Zuo F M, Sui Q W, Zheng R, et al. In situ startup of a full-scale combined partial nitritation and anammox process treating swine digestate by regulation of nitrite and dissolved oxygen [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020,315:123837. [15] Han X Y, Zhang S J, Yang S H, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process for treating sludge dewatering liquor from anaerobic digestion after thermal hydrolysis [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020,297:122380. [16] 周少奇.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同作用化学计量学分析 [J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,(5):1-4. Zhou S Q. Stoichiometric analysis of combined reaction of anaerobic ammonia oxidation with denitrification [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2006,(5):1-4. [17] Kumar M, Lin J G. Co-existence of anammox and denitrification for simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal-Strategies and issues [J] Environmental Science, 2010,178(1-3):1-9. [18] Fernández-Arévalo T, Lizarralde I, Fdz-Polanco F, et al. Quantitative assessment of energy and resource recovery in wastewater treatment plants based on plant-wide simulations [J]. Water Research, 2017,118:272-288. [19] Zhang X Y, Zheng S K, Wang R J. Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration (microaerobic and aerobic) on community structure and activity of culturable heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge [J]. Chemistry and Ecology, 2020,36(10):953-966. [20] Liu Y W, Ngo H H, Guo W S, et al. The roles of free ammonia (FA) in biological wastewater treatment processes: A review [J]. Environment International, 2019,123:10-19. [21] 林 兴,方文烨,金 润,等.低基质CANON中短程硝化稳定性控制研究 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2018,31(8):1423-1430. Lin X, Fang W Y, Jin R, et al. Stable operational strategy of paritial nitritation in CANON with low strength wastewater [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2018,31(8):1423-1430. [22] Liu G Q, Zhou X L, Liang H L, et al. Effects of alkalinity addition with different strategies on CANON process: Start-up, performance, and microbial community [J]. Water environment research: a research publication of the Water Environment Federation, 2022,94(1):1674. [23] 李 冬,赵世勋,王俊安,等.污水处理厂CANON工艺启动策略 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(11):4125-4131. Li D, Zhao S X, Wang J A, et al. Startup strategies of CANON process in wastewater treatment plant [J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(11):4125-4131. [24] Christensson M, Ekström S, Andersson C A, et al. Experience from start-ups of the first ANITA Mox plants [J]. Water science and technology: a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2013,67(12):2677-2684. [25] González M A, Muñoz P B, Kruglova A, et al. Performance and microbial community structure of a full-scale ANITATMMox bioreactor for treating reject water located in Finland [J]. Chemosphere, 2021,271:129526. [26] 付昆明,杨 帆,杨宗玥,等.CANON工艺中短程硝化恢复及ANAMMOX强化策略 [J]. 环境工程学报, 2022,16(6):1991-2000. Fu K M, Yang F, Yang Z Y, et al. Short-cut nitrification recovery and ANAMMOX enhancement strategy in CANON process [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2022,16(6):1991-2000. [27] 张晓航,付 巢,付昆明.不含有机碳源条件下CANON工艺的脱氮性能 [J]. 中国给水排水, 2021,37(17):9-18. Zhang X H, Fu C, Fu K M, et al. Nitrogen removal performance of CANON process without organic carbon sources [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2021,37(17):9-18. [28] Li J L, Zhang L, Peng Y Z, et al. Effect of low COD/N ratios on stability of single-stage partial nitritation/anammox (SPN/A) process in a long-term operation [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2017,244:192-197. [29] 王 凡,刘 凯,林 兴,等.不同TOC/NH4+-N对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能的影响 [J]. 环境科学, 2017,38(8):3415-3421. Wang F, Liu K, Lin X, et al. Effect of different TOC to NH4+-N ratios on nitrogen removal efficiency in the ANAMMOX process [J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(8):3415-3421. [30] 王 垚,达方华,周 澄,等.不同运行负荷下C/N比对CANON工艺脱氮效能影响 [J]. 水处理技术, 2022,48(9):97-102. Wang Y, Da F H, Zhou C, et al. Effect of C/N ratio on the nitrogen removal performance of CANON process under different operating loads [J]. Technology of Water Treatment, 2022,48(9):97-102. [31] 周明俊,毛天广,傅金祥,等. C,N对厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合的影响 [J]. 水处理技术, 2022,48(2):57-62. Zhou M J, Mao T G, Fu J X, et al. The influence of C, N on anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification coupling [J]. Technology of Water Treatment, 2022,48(2):57-62. [32] 李思敏,张 洋,唐锋兵,等.C/N值及碳源对CANON工艺污泥脱氮性能的影响 [J]. 中国给水排水, 2019,35(15):95-99. Li S M, Zhang Y, Tang F B, et al. Effects of C/N ratio and carbon sources on sludge denitrification performance of CANON process [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2019,35(15):95-99. [33] Sheng S X, Liu B, Hou X Y, et al. Effects of different carbon sources and C/N ratios on the simultaneous anammox and denitrification process [J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2018,127:26-34. [34] 闫 冬,何争光,李 宁,等.C/N对分段进水A/O工艺系统性能的影响 [J]. 给水排水, 2014,50(S1):158-162. Yan D, He Z G, Li N, et al. Effect of C/N on the performance of a segmented influent A/O process system [J]. Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2014,50(S1):158-162. [35] 陈杰云,张 智,任丽平,等.碳氮比对分段进水多级A/O工艺脱氮效果的影响研究 [J]. 给水排水, 2012,48(5):125-128. Chen J Y, Zhang Z, Ren L P, et al. Study on the effect of carbon and nitrogen ratio to the nitrogen removal effect of multi-stage A/O process in segmented influent [J]. Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2012,48(5):125-128. [36] Chen Y L, Zheng R, Sui Q W, et al. Coupling anammox with denitrification in a full-scale combined biological nitrogen removal process for swine wastewater treatment [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2021,329:124906.
