Vertical distribution and combined pollution characteristics of aerosol and ozone in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2006 to 2020

WANG Qing; DENG Tao; WU Dui; HE Guo-wen; ZHANG Xue; OUYANG Shan-shan; TAO Li-ping; ZHANG Ze-biao; WU Cheng; ZHOU Zhen

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China Environmental Science ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11) : 5934-5949.

Vertical distribution and combined pollution characteristics of aerosol and ozone in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2006 to 2020

WANG Qing^1,2, DENG Tao², WU Dui^1,2, HE Guo-wen³, ZHANG Xue^1,2, OUYANG Shan-shan^2,4, TAO Li-ping^1,2, ZHANG Ze-biao^1,2, WU Cheng¹, ZHOU Zhen¹

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Abstract

In recent years, the concentration of particulate matter in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has decreased significantly, but O₃ pollution has continued to increase under the background of anthropogenic emission reduction. In this study, multi-source observation data of ground-based, tower-based, ozonesonde, aircraft (IAGOS), and satellites in the Greater Bay Area from 2006 to 2020 were used to analyze the three-dimensional spatial and temporal variation characteristics of aerosols, O₃ and related meteorological conditions, with special attention to the vertical distribution characteristics of aerosol and O₃, and the influence of the lower part of boundary layer aerosols on O₃ concentration. The results showed that the concentrations of surface PM₁₀decreased (-2.2μg/(m³ža)) from 2006 to 2020, while the concentrations of surface O₃ and boundary layer O₃ increased (+0.8μg/(m³ža), +0.6μg/(m³ža)). Surface PM_2.5 decreased (-1.5μg/(m³ža)) since 2014. There were differences and commonalities between vertical aerosol and O₃ distribution. The vertical extinction coefficient of aerosol (within 1000m) decreased with increasing height (average rate of change -0.06km^-1/hm), while the O₃ concentration increased with increasing height (average rate of change +1.4μg/(m³žhm)). Generally, both vertical aerosol and O₃ reached their lowest values in summer and both reached their highest concentrations in the free troposphere in spring. Since 2006, the average surface temperature increased by 0.05℃/a, the average relative humidity increased by 0.44%/a, and the average wind speed decreased by 0.02m/(s×a), which to a certain extent can explain the simultaneous increase/decrease of aerosol and O₃ concentrations in a given year. In summer, under the influence of the South China Sea monsoon, the relative humidity within the boundary layer was high, while in fall the temperature within the boundary layer was higher and the humidity was moderate, and this kind of meteorological conditions were more favorable for photochemical reactions. Based on the four years of observation of O₃ and PM₁₀ at Canton Tower, the high surface PM₁₀ value appeared at night, and the high PM₁₀value of 454m appeared in the afternoon and was strongly positively correlated with the O₃ concentration at 454m, which indicates that the secondary reaction of aerosols in the boundary layer in the late afternoon, as well as the backscattering of photochemical radiation by these secondary aerosols, may be one of the factors that exacerbate the O₃ pollution in the boundary layer. The results of the study will help deepen the understanding of the vertical distribution of aerosols and O₃ and the characteristics of the complex pollution in the Greater Bay Area.

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Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area / aerosols / ozone / vertical distribution / combined pollution

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WANG Qing, DENG Tao, WU Dui, HE Guo-wen, ZHANG Xue, OUYANG Shan-shan, TAO Li-ping, ZHANG Ze-biao, WU Cheng, ZHOU Zhen. Vertical distribution and combined pollution characteristics of aerosol and ozone in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2006 to 2020[J]. China Environmental Science. 2024, 44(11): 5934-5949

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