Evaluation and analysis influencing factors of potential heavy metal pollution risk in soil of Xuanwei City

HAN Wei; SONG Yun-tao; GUO Zhi-juan; ZENG Dao-ming; HE Ling; CHENG Xiao-meng; SUN Bin-bin; ZHANG Fu-gui; ZHANG Li

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China Environmental Science ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5) : 2643-2653.

Soil Pollution Control

Evaluation and analysis influencing factors of potential heavy metal pollution risk in soil of Xuanwei City

HAN Wei^1,2,3, SONG Yun-tao^1,2,3, GUO Zhi-juan^1,2,3, ZENG Dao-ming^1,2,3, HE Ling^1,2,3, CHENG Xiao-meng^1,2,3, SUN Bin-bin^1,2,3,4, ZHANG Fu-gui^1,3, ZHANG Li^1,3

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Abstract

High-concentration areas of soil heavy metals exist in ecological functional protection zones of Southwest China. To investigate their potential pollution risks and influencing factors, this study selected soils in the Xuanwei region of Yunnan Province as the research subject. Combining geographical, geological, and anthropogenic activity data, the content characteristics of eight heavy metal elements were analyzed in 1487 surface soil samples and 374 deep soil samples. The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to assess the potential pollution risks of surface soils, while principal component analysis (PCA) and geographical detector methods were employed to identify influencing factors. The results revealed that heavy metals in both surface and deep soils were enriched compared to the A-layer and C-layer background values of Chinese soils. Most heavy metals also exhibited enrichment relative to the A-layer and C-layer background values of Yunnan Province. Cd, Hg, and Pb posed relatively high potential pollution risks, whereas Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, and As showed lower risks. The main influencing factors for heavy metal enrichment included geological background, clay minerals, organic matter, mining activities, and topography. Synergistic effects of multiple factors could exacerbate heavy metal enrichment, while pH, CaO, Light (light index), and WIG exhibited minimal impacts.

Key words

geo-accumulation index / potential ecological risk index / principal component analysis / soil heavy metals / Xuanwei

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HAN Wei, SONG Yun-tao, GUO Zhi-juan, ZENG Dao-ming, HE Ling, CHENG Xiao-meng, SUN Bin-bin, ZHANG Fu-gui, ZHANG Li. Evaluation and analysis influencing factors of potential heavy metal pollution risk in soil of Xuanwei City[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(5): 2643-2653

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