Effects of acid mine drainage irrigation on iron and carbon in paddy soils and the response of microbial community structure

LIU Jian; NIU Shao-xun; HUANG En-hui; LIU Zheng-cong; LI Xiao-fei; WU Xiao-lian; KE Chang-dong; BAO Yan-ping

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China Environmental Science ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5) : 2654-2663.

Effects of acid mine drainage irrigation on iron and carbon in paddy soils and the response of microbial community structure

LIU Jian¹, NIU Shao-xun¹, HUANG En-hui¹, LIU Zheng-cong¹, LI Xiao-fei¹, WU Xiao-lian¹, KE Chang-dong², BAO Yan-ping¹

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Abstract

This study focused on the long-term AMD-contaminated paddy soils in the Dabaoshan mining area of Guangdong Province. The distribution characteristics of soil iron phases and iron-bound organic carbon were analysed, combining with high-throughput sequencing to examine the effects of AMD irrigation on soil organic carbon sequestration and the response of soil microbial community structure. The results indicated that: ① AMD irrigation led to soil acidification, with accumulation of iron, sulfur and heavy metals in paddy soils. The contents of TOC in paddy soils showed significant positive correlation with TFe, and OC_Fe. ② AMD irrigation resulted in decreases of soil microbial abundance and diversity. AMD irrigation led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Geobacter in paddy soils, whereas acid tolerant iron and/or sulfur metabolizing bacteria such as Thiobacillus and Thioifustis became the dominant bacteria in paddy soils with the most heavily AMD pollution. ③ RDA analysis identified Fe_p, TOC, and TFe were the most crucial factors influencing microbial community structure. In conclusion, AMD irrigation brought dissolved iron into paddy soils which was beneficial to soil organic carbon preservation. In addition, AMD irrigation resulted in the formation of microbial community structure that closely related to AMD pollution gradient, the form and content of iron and carbon.

Key words

acid mine drainage / active iron / microbial community structure / organic carbon / paddy soil

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LIU Jian, NIU Shao-xun, HUANG En-hui, LIU Zheng-cong, LI Xiao-fei, WU Xiao-lian, KE Chang-dong, BAO Yan-ping. Effects of acid mine drainage irrigation on iron and carbon in paddy soils and the response of microbial community structure[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(5): 2654-2663

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