Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of vegetation cover and its driving forces in the Taihangshan-Yanshan Region

WANG Min-li; ZHANG Hui-cong; DONG Li-yao; LI Jia-rui; PANG Jiao; YAN Feng; HE Ling

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China Environmental Science ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5) : 2792-2805.

Environmental Ecology

Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of vegetation cover and its driving forces in the Taihangshan-Yanshan Region

WANG Min-li^1,2, ZHANG Hui-cong¹, DONG Li-yao¹, LI Jia-rui¹, PANG Jiao³, YAN Feng^1,4, HE Ling¹

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Abstract

The Taihangshan-Yanshan region serves as a crucial ecological barrier for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area. Investigating the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation growth and their influencing factors holds significant importance for implementing ecological conservation and restoration decisions. The MOD13A2.061NDVI dataset was obtained through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, and the kernel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (kNDVI) was further calculated. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of vegetation cover was analyzed using the Theil-Sen Median method, coefficient of variation method, and Hurst index method. Subsequently, the optimal parameter geographical detector (OPGD) method was employed to identify the multivariate driving mechanisms behind its spatiotemporal differentiation. Results demonstrated that: From 2001 to 2020, the kNDVI in the study area showed a gradual increasing trend during spring, summer, and autumn, while exhibiting a decreasing trend in winter. The annual mean kNDVI displayed a spatial distribution pattern characterized by "higher values in northern and southern regions, lower in central areas", with significant spatial variability. The area with increased kNDVI (66.36%) was larger than that with decreased kNDVI (33.64%). Weak anti-persistence and weak positive persistence coexisted, collectively accounting for 99.26% of the total area. Approximately 80% of the region maintained kNDVI fluctuations at moderate or lower levels. OPGD analysis revealed that the primary drivers of kNDVI changes included evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, land use type, soil type, and vegetation type (all with q-values greater than 0.20). The interaction effects between land surface temperature and annual average temperature, and between land surface temperature and cumulative precipitation demonstrated particularly strong explanatory power, exceeding 0.50 and 0.47 respectively. Higher kNDVI values were observed when evapotranspiration ranged within (634mm, 814mm], land surface temperature fell within [5.2℃, 11.2℃], and urban population remained in (216000, 280000).

Key words

driving forces / kernel-Normalized Vegetation Index (kNDVI) / Optimal Parametersbased Geographical Detectors (OPGD) / spatial and temporal succession / Taihangshan-Yanshan region

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WANG Min-li, ZHANG Hui-cong, DONG Li-yao, LI Jia-rui, PANG Jiao, YAN Feng, HE Ling. Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of vegetation cover and its driving forces in the Taihangshan-Yanshan Region[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(5): 2792-2805

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