Degradation products and toxicity analysis of ciprofloxacin by activation of peroxymonosulfate using CoFe2O4@MoS2

WANG Jie; MA Meng-jie; XIE Peng-fei; ZHANG Hui-juan

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China Environmental Science ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5) : 2865-2874.

Emerging Contaminants

Degradation products and toxicity analysis of ciprofloxacin by activation of peroxymonosulfate using CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂

WANG Jie, MA Meng-jie, XIE Peng-fei, ZHANG Hui-juan

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Abstract

CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂ was prepared by the hydrothermal method and used to activate permonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water. The successful preparation of CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂ was confirmed by the characterization results obtained from SEM and XRD. Degradation results showed that the removal rate of CIP in the CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂/PMS system can reached 74.38% in 120minutes, which is higher than the sum of the individual CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂ and PMS systems, verifying the activation ability of CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂ on PMS. The quenching experiment results indicated that the main oxidative active species in the system are ^·OH、SO₄^·- and ¹O₂, with SO₄^·- and ¹O₂ playing a major role in the degradation of CIP. Based on density functional theory combined with HPLC analysis, eight possible products were obtained and two possible degradation pathways of CIP were proposed. The environmental risks of the degradation products were evaluated and predicted using the TEST program, and it was shown that, compared with the parent compound, most products exhibited reduced acute toxicity, weakened mutagenicity, decreased bioaccumulation and developmental toxicity, and significantly lower ecotoxicity. Additionally, the CIP removal rate of the CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂/PMS system can still reached 60.04% after four cycles, and the XRD results demonstrated that the crystal structure of the catalyst did not undergo significant changes before and after the reaction, indicating the high efficiency and stability of the catalyst.

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ciprofloxacin / CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂ / degradation products / PMS / toxic analyst

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WANG Jie, MA Meng-jie, XIE Peng-fei, ZHANG Hui-juan. Degradation products and toxicity analysis of ciprofloxacin by activation of peroxymonosulfate using CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(5): 2865-2874

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