Effects of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on rice yield and soil quality: A study based on long-term equal nutrient substitution

YAN Ling-ling; LIU Lian-hua; YAN Miao-jun; SHU Chang; TONG Li-yu; ZHOU Zhi-zhi; LI Zhi-chao

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China Environmental Science ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 301-308.

Effects of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on rice yield and soil quality: A study based on long-term equal nutrient substitution

YAN Ling-ling¹, LIU Lian-hua², YAN Miao-jun¹, SHU Chang¹, TONG Li-yu¹, ZHOU Zhi-zhi¹, LI Zhi-chao¹

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Abstract

To evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer substitution on rice yield and soil quality under the conditions of equal nutrient substitution, a continuous six-year (2018~2023) field experiment was conducted. Using a no-fertilizer treatment as control (CK), this study examined the effects of chemical fertilizer (CF), 25% organic fertilizer substitution (COF25%), and 50% organic fertilizer substitution (COF50%) under low nitrogen application rates (135kg/hm² in early rice season, 150kg/hm² in late rice season) on rice biomass, yield, and soil properties. Results showed that compared with CK, fertilization promoted rice plant growth, enhanced nitrogen uptake, and increased yield. However, no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, or partial factor productivity of nitrogen between CF and COF. Organic fertilizer substitution significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) by 8.40%~13.04% compared to CK. Moreover, the extent of SOC improvement increased with higher organic fertilizer substitution rates. All fertilization treatments significantly increased soil total phosphorus (24.30%~33.33%) and available potassium (25.60%~35.20%) contents. COF50% treatment resulted in a 18.18% significant increase in total nitrogen (TN) compared to CK. Analysis using the soil quality index area method revealed that soil quality improved with increasing organic fertilizer substitution rates. The soil quality index area values for COF25% and COF50% treatments were 88.81% and 222.40% higher, respectively, than that of the CF treatment. In conclusion, 25%~50% organic fertilizer substitution ensured normal rice growth and stable yield while enhancing soil quality through increased SOC content.

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organic fertilizer / rice yield / soil organic carbon / soil quality

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YAN Ling-ling, LIU Lian-hua, YAN Miao-jun, SHU Chang, TONG Li-yu, ZHOU Zhi-zhi, LI Zhi-chao. Effects of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on rice yield and soil quality: A study based on long-term equal nutrient substitution[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 301-308

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