PM2.5 technological emission reduction from the cement industry and associated evaluation health impacts in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

ZONG Wen-jing; YANG Xu-yan; ZHANG Di; ZHANG Yue-ling

PDF(1708 KB)

China Environmental Science ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 568-578.

Environmental Impact Assessment and Management

PM_2.5 technological emission reduction from the cement industry and associated evaluation health impacts in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

ZONG Wen-jing, YANG Xu-yan, ZHANG Di, ZHANG Yue-ling

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Based on the 2020 emission inventory of 68 integrated cement plants in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, three emission reduction scenarios were developed using 37 technologies and the CALPUFF model, two exposure-response functions (IER and GEMM), and three economic valuation methods (Value of statistical life(VSL), Age-adjusted value of statistical life(A_VSL), Amended human capital(AHC))were employed to assess the PM_2.5 reduction potential, concentration changes, and health impacts. The result demonstrated that under the technology-based reduction scenarios S1 and S2, the primary PM_2.5 emissions from reduction technologies and the total PM_2.5 concentration declined by 2.17‰~5.50‰ and 3.20%~12.10%, respectively. Under each scenario in three provinces, the avoidable deaths estimated by IER were about 60% of the result estimated by GEMM. Moreover, the avoided deaths under S1 and S2 in each city were 4%~5% and 9%~10% of the data under S0. The main beneficiary group of life extension years was concentrated in the 65+ and 70+ age groups, and the life extension years in Shijiazhuang, Baoding, and Tangshan contributed 57% of the total years in Hebei. Avoidable economic losses under S1were about 50% of those under S2 and only 5% of those under S0 (ideal scenario) which meant “zero emission”was realized in the cement industry. The value evaluated by VSL was highest, followed by the value evaluated by A_VSL and AHC. Taking the estimation of GEMM as an example, the avoidable economic loss in Beijing was the highest among the three provinces under three scenarios, whereas the avoidable economic loss evaluated by VSL and AHC in Hebei was higher than that in Beijing under S0 (4.489 billion yuan vs. 3.873 billion yuan; 0.36 billion yuan vs. 0.34 billion yuan).

Key words

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei / cement industry / PM_2.5 / technical emission reduction / health impact assessment

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

ZONG Wen-jing, YANG Xu-yan, ZHANG Di, ZHANG Yue-ling. PM_2.5 technological emission reduction from the cement industry and associated evaluation health impacts in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(1): 568-578

References

[1] Tang L, Ruan J H, Bo X, et al. Plant-level real-time monitoring data reveal substantial abatement potential of air pollution and CO₂ in China's cement sector[J]. One Earth, 2022,5(8):892-906.
[2] Zhang Q, Yin Z, Lu X, et al. Synergetic roadmap of carbon neutrality and clean air for China[J]. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 2023,16:100280-100280.
[3] Zheng, H, Li S, Jiang Y, et al. Unpacking the factors contributing to changes in PM_2.5-associated mortality in China from 2013 to 2019[J]. Environment International, 2024,184:108470-108470.
[4] Zhang F F, Xing J, Zhou Y, et al. Estimation of abatement potentials and costs of air pollution emissions in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2020,260:110069.
[5] Hou S, Wang Y, Ning M, et al. Full life cycle emission reduction potential of ultra-low emission transformation in China's cement industry[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024,447:141644.
[6] 刘润,邵敏,陆克定,等.我国大气环境问题系统治理的构思[J]. 中国工程科学, 2025,27(3):164-174. Liu R, Shao M, Lu K D, et al. Conceptual framework for the systematic governance of atmospheric environmental issues in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Science, 2025,27(3):164-174
[7] Liang X M, Dang W L, Yang G L, et al. Environmental feasibility evaluation of cement co-production using classified domestic waste as alternative raw material and fuel: A life cycle perspective[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2023,326:116726-116726.
[8] Zorzenão S D C P, Silva S D C J, Moreira B A C, et al. Impacts of PM_2.5 exposure near cement facilities on human health and years of life lost: A case study in Brazil[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2024,370:122975.
[9] Guo J W, Dong H J, Farzaneh H, et al. Uncovering the overcapacity feature of China's industry and the environmental & health co-benefits from de-capacity[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2022, 308:114645.
[10] Zhang S H, Xie Y, Sander R, et al. Potentials of energy efficiency improvement and energy–emission–health nexus in Jing-Jin-Ji’s cement industry[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021,278:123335.
[11] Zhang S H,Worrell E, Crijns-Graus W, et al. Modeling energy efficiency to improve air quality and health effects of China’s cement industry[J]. Applied Energy, 2016,184:574-593.
[12] Dang W L, Jing Z Y, Zong W J, et al. Emission of CO₂ and air pollutants from cement industry in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (2018~2020) and its reduction forecast[J]. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2023,72(2-4):178-197.
[13] HJ 2.2-2018环境影响评价技术导则大气环境[S]. HJ 2.2-2018 Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment— Atmospheric environment[S].
[14] 耿子婷.陕西省水泥行业污染物排放清单编制及污染特征分析[D]. 西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2021. Geng Z T. Compilation of pollutant emission inventory and analysis of pollution characteristics in Shaanxi Province's cement industry[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2021.
[15] 中华人民共和国生态环境部.全国排污许可证信息管理平台[EB/OL].[202505-11].https://permit.mee.gov.cn/permitExt/defaults/default-index!getInformation.action. Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China. National pollutant discharge permit information management platform[EB/OL]. https://permit.mee.gov.cn/permitExt/defaults/default-index!getInformation.action.
[16] Wang Y H, Xu M, Lv X J, et al. The eco-efficiency evaluation in China's cement industry: A city-level study[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023,865:161132.
[17] 巩洋洋.水泥行业碳排放与大气污染物协同效应研究[D]. 济南:齐鲁工业大学, 2023. Gong Y Y. Study on the synergistic effect of carbon emissions and air pollutants in the cement industry[D]. Jinan: Qilu University of Technology, 2023.
[18] Hasanbeigi A, Menke C, Therdyothin A. The use of conservation supply curves in energy policy and economic analysis: the case study of Thai cement industry[J]. Energy Policy, 2009,38(1):392-405.
[19] 工业和信息化部.国家工业节能技术装备推荐目录(2019)[R]. 北京, 2020. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Recommended catalogue of national industrial energy-saving technologies and equipment (2019)[R]. Beijing, 2020.
[20] 机械工业技术发展基金会,机械工业节能与资源利用中心.国家工业节能技术应用指南[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社, 2022:1-200. China Machinery Industry Technology Development Foundation, China Machinery Industry Energy Conservation and Resource Utilization Center. Application guide for national industrial energy- saving technologies[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2022:1-200.
[21] Liu X W, Yuan Z W, Xu Y, et al. Greening cement in China: A cost-effective roadmap[J]. Applied Energy, 2017,189:233-244.
[22] Zhang S H, Worrell E, Crijns-Graus W. Evaluating co-benefits of energy efficiency and air pollution abatement in China's cement industry[J]. Applied Energy, 2015,147:192-213.
[23] 工业和信息化部.国家工业节能技术装备推荐目录(2017)[R]. 北京, 2018. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Recommended catalogue of national industrial energy-saving technologies and equipment (2017)[R]. Beijing, 2018.
[24] 龚越.中国水泥行业大气污染物和CO₂排放清单及减排成本研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2022. Gong Y. Research on the emission inventory of air pollutants and CO₂ in China's cement industry and the cost of emission reduction[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2022.
[25] 田璐璐.河南省工业能源消费及碳排放预测分析[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2016. Tian L L. Forecasting analysis of industrial energy consumption and carbon emissions in Henan Province[D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2016.
[26] Zhang C Y, Yu B Y, Chen J M, et al. Green transition pathways for cement industry in China[J]. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2021,166(1):105355.
[27] 工业和信息化部.国家工业节能技术装备推荐目录(2018)[R]. 北京, 2019. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Recommended catalogue of national industrial energy-saving technologies and equipment (2018)[R]. Beijing, 2019.
[28] IHME|GHDx.Global Health Data Exchange[EB/OL] (2021)[2025-03-07]. https://ghdx.healthdata.org/search/site/GBD2021..
[29] Hasanbeigi A, Price L, Lu H Y, et al. Analysis of energy-efficiency opportunities for the cement industry in Shandong Province, China: A case study of 16cement plants[J]. Energy, 2010,35(8):3461-3473.
[30] Ahmed M, Bashar I, Alam S T, et al. An overview of Asian cement industry: Environmental impacts, research methodologies and mitigation measures[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2021,28:1018-1039.
[31] 王记涛,邹昕,刘起霞.水泥生产绿色低碳技术性减排路径研究[J]. 水泥, 2025,(5): 16-18. Wang J T, Zou X, Liu Q X. Research on the technical reduction path of green and low-carbon cement production[J]. Cement, 2025,(5):16-18.
[32] 朱淑瑛.中国水泥行业低碳技术减排潜力及成本研究[D]. 北京:北京化工大学, 2023. Zhu S Y. Research on the emission reduction potential and cost of low-carbon technologies in China's cement industry[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2023.
[33] Zhang S C, Zhao M Z, Liu Z, et al. City-level population projection for China under different pathways from 2010 to 2100[J]. Scientific Data, 2023,10(1):809-809.
[34] Burnett R, Chen H, Szyszkowicz M, et al. Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018,115(38):9592-9597.
[35] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024)[Z]. World Population Prospects 2024, Online Edition.https://population.un.org/wpp/.
[36] Yao M H, Wu G H, Zhao X, et al. Estimating health burden and economic loss attributable to short-term exposure to multiple air pollutants in China[J]. Environmental Research, 2020,183:109184.
[37] Yin H, Mcduffie E E, Prof R V M, et al. Global health costs of ambient PM_2.5 from combustion sources: a modelling study supporting air pollution control strategies[J]. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2024, 8(7):e476-e488.
[38] 国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2020. National Bureau of Statistics in China. China city statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2020.
[39] 国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2020. National Bureau of Statistics in China. China statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2020.
[40] OECD, 2014. The cost of air pollution: Health impacts of road transport[J]. OECD, Paris Cedex, France.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264210448-en.
[41] 国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2021. National Bureau of Statistics in China. China statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021.
[42] 国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2021. National Bureau of Statistics in China. China city statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021.
[43] Yin H, Pizzol M, Xu L Y, et al. External costs of PM_2.5 pollution in Beijing, China: Uncertainty analysis of multiple health impacts and costs[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017:356-369.
[44] Burnett R T, Spadaro J V, Garcia G R, et al. Designing health impact functions to assess marginal changes in outdoor fine particulate matter[J]. Environmental Research, 2021,204:112245.
[45] Maji K J. Substantial changes in PM_2.5 pollution and corresponding premature deaths across China during 2015~2019: A model prospective[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,729:138838.
[46] 程茜,杨建辉,陈鸥.燃煤电厂烟气污染物近零排放技术及应用[J]. 能源科技, 2025,23(1):33-36. Cheng Q, Yang J H, Chen O. Near-zero emission technology and application of flue gas pollutants in coal-fired power plants[J]. Energy Technology, 2025,23(1):33-36.
[47] 颜洋,王琼真,顾震宇,等.基于水泥超低排放的全厂环境管控平台政策分析及案例研究[J]. 水泥, 2025,(1):22-26. Yan Y, Wang Q Z, Gu Z Y, et al. Policy analysis and case study of the whole-plant environmental management platform based on ultra-low emissions in the cement industry[J]. Cement, 2025,(1):22-26.
[48] 国家统计局.人口老龄化及其衡量标准是什么[EB/OL].(2025-04- 09)[2025.4.25]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/zs/tjws/tjbz/202301/ t20230101_1903949.html. National Bureau of Statistics. What is population aging and its measurement criteria[EB/OL]. (2025-04-09)[2025-04-25]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/zs/tjws/tjbz/202301/t20230101_1903949.html.
[49] Herrera-Araujo D, Rochaix L. Does the value per statistical life vary with age or baseline health? Evidence from a compensating wage study in France[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2020,103:102338.
[50] 高雅,郭昌胜,徐建.基于文献计量学的环境健康效益评估研究热点及趋势分析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2023,36(9):1813-1823. Gao Y, Guo C S, Xu J. Analysis of research hotspots and trends in environmental health benefits assessment based on bibliometrics[J]. Journal of Environmental Science Research, 2023,36(9):1813-1823.
[51] 中华人民共和国生态环境部.关于印发《关于推进实施水泥行业超低排放的意见》《关于推进实施焦化行业超低排放的意见》的通知[EB/OL][2024-01-19]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/ xxgk03/202401/t20240119_1064243.html. Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China. Notice on Issuing the "Opinions on Promoting Ultra-Low Emissions in the Cement Industry" and the "Opinions on Promoting Ultra-Low Emissions in the Coke Industry"[EB/OL].[2024-01-19]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk03/202401/t20240119_1064243.html.