Study on the impact of heating changes on the distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs in PM2.5 in Shijiazhuang

WANG Yi-fei; YANG Xue-jing; GUO Yu; WANG Ran; YAO Bo; CUI Jian-sheng

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China Environmental Science ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2) : 646-656.

Study on the impact of heating changes on the distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang

WANG Yi-fei, YANG Xue-jing, GUO Yu, WANG Ran, YAO Bo, CUI Jian-sheng

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Abstract

Studying the impact of heating changes on the occurrence characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM_2.5 is of great significance for urban air pollution control. In this study, 42 PM_2.5 samples were collected at three sites in the urban area of Shijiazhuang during the heating and non-heating seasons. The concentrations of 16 PAHs were determined using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Based on these data, the concentration changes, sources, and health risks of PAHs were analyzed. The results showed that the average concentrations of PAHs during the heating and non-heating seasons were 13.97ng/m³ and 10.63ng/m³, respectively, with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) being the primary pollutant. PAHs exhibited significant negative correlations with temperature, humidity, and O₃, and significant positive correlations with PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and CO. It was concluded that temperature, PM_2.5, and O₃ were the primary factors influencing PAH concentrations before and after the heating season. Both the characteristic ratio method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment indicated that transportation emissions and coal-biomass combustion sources were the primary sources of PAHs during the heating season, while transportation emissions and petroleum-related pollution (including oil evaporation and liquid fuel combustion) were the primary sources during the non-heating season. Transportation emissions were the main contributor to PAHs. The TrajStat model analysis revealed that the primary pollution sources of PAHs originate from the northwest, with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Henan Province being the main pollution areas, and PAH dispersion conditions were poor during the heating season. The health risk assessment results indicate that the PAHs in PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang city do not pose a risk to adults or children, but the lifetime cancer risk value for children is twice that for adults, warranting attention.

Key words

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) / PM_2.5 / PMF source analysis / feature ratio method / backward trajectory / health risk assessment

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WANG Yi-fei, YANG Xue-jing, GUO Yu, WANG Ran, YAO Bo, CUI Jian-sheng. Study on the impact of heating changes on the distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(2): 646-656

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