Simulation study on PM2.5 concentration in subway system based on network model

WANG Chun-wang; LI Xiao-feng; TONG Lin-quan; ZhANG Zhong-bin; FAN Jing-guang; JIN Long-zhe

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China Environmental Science ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3) : 1278-1287.

Air Pollution Control

Simulation study on PM_2.5 concentration in subway system based on network model

WANG Chun-wang^1,2,3, LI Xiao-feng⁴, TONG Lin-quan^2,3, ZhANG Zhong-bin^2,3, FAN Jing-guang^2,3, JIN Long-zhe¹

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Abstract

A network model based on mass conservation was established to simulate PM_2.5 dispersion in subway systems, integrating a source model for train-induced dust in tunnels. The model was applied to a representative line in southern China and validated with field measurements, showing errors within 10%. Results indicate that station PM_2.5 concentration increases nonlinearly with train frequency (approximately +86% for a +78% frequency increase) and exhibits a near-constant differential relative to outdoor concentration, suggesting a linear additive effect. Notably, for lines operating at over 24 trains per hour during peak periods, station PM_2.5 levels consistently exceeded the indoor air quality standard (50μg/m³), even when outdoor concentrations met the WHO guideline (15μg/m³).

Key words

subway system / PM_2.5 / propagation law / field test / network model

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WANG Chun-wang, LI Xiao-feng, TONG Lin-quan, ZhANG Zhong-bin, FAN Jing-guang, JIN Long-zhe. Simulation study on PM_2.5 concentration in subway system based on network model[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(3): 1278-1287

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