Migration patterns of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in coal mine water under freezing conditions and their phytotoxicity

WANG Yue; DUAN Rong-yu; SANG Nan; LI Guang-ke

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China Environmental Science ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3) : 1376-1386.

Water Pollution Control

Migration patterns of Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ in coal mine water under freezing conditions and their phytotoxicity

WANG Yue¹, DUAN Rong-yu², SANG Nan^1,2, LI Guang-ke²

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Abstract

Acidic mine drainage (AMD) containing high concentrations of heavy metal ions such as Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ was treated by a freezing method utilizing the purification effect of ice crystals. The process parameters for removing Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ from simulated AMD via the freezing method were optimized through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, and the optimal conditions were determined (for Fe²⁺: freezing temperature of -12℃, initial concentration of 0.9mg/L, freezing radius of 4.25cm; for Mn²⁺: freezing temperature of -6℃, initial concentration of 1.2mg/L, freezing radius of 5.00cm). The optimized process was then applied to treat actual AMD. The results showed that the removal rates of Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ from the actual AMD reached 60% and 59%, respectively, which confirmed the effectiveness of the technology. Furthermore, barley seeds and seedlings were used as model plants to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the AMD before and after treatment. The results indicated that, compared with the untreated AMD, the treated AMD did not inhibit the germination of barley seeds or the growth of barley seedlings. This study confirmed that the freezing method can not only effectively remove heavy metal pollutants from AMD but also significantly reduce its biotoxicity.

Key words

iron ions / manganese ions / acidic coal mine water / phytotoxicity

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WANG Yue, DUAN Rong-yu, SANG Nan, LI Guang-ke. Migration patterns of Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ in coal mine water under freezing conditions and their phytotoxicity[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(3): 1376-1386

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