Quantitative analysis of source-sink and sustainable risk control for heavy metals in soil

CHEN Wei-sheng, SHI Qing, ZHANG Zhi-ke, LIU Rui-ping, ZHANG Jian, SONG Yi-nan, ZHANG Jing-zhuo, YANG Yang, ZHANG Hao, ZHAO Bin

China Environmental Science ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3) : 1444-1459.

PDF(1927 KB)
PDF(1927 KB)
China Environmental Science ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3) : 1444-1459.
Soil Pollution Control

Quantitative analysis of source-sink and sustainable risk control for heavy metals in soil

  • CHEN Wei-sheng1, SHI Qing1, ZHANG Zhi-ke1, LIU Rui-ping3, ZHANG Jian5, SONG Yi-nan6, ZHANG Jing-zhuo7, YANG Yang4, ZHANG Hao4, ZHAO Bin2
Author information +
History +

Abstract

The source prevention and control technologies for heavy metals in soil at that time were plagued by problems such as insufficient precision and systematicness. This quantitative analysis methods of soil heavy metal sources and sinks at home and abroad were studied in this paper. Their historical evolution, type characteristics, basic principles, advantages and disadvantages were analyzed, and their roles and intrinsic correlations in source identification and flux analysis were revealed. The results show, after decades of exploration and iteration, source apportionment represented by mathematical statistics, receptor mathematical models, and physicochemical characteristic fingerprints had become the foundation for controlling the sources of heavy metals in soil. However, as the concept of soil pollution prevention and control shifted from traditional investigation and remediation to sustainable risk management of sources and sinks, the importance of precise flux calculation for control effectiveness had become increasingly prominent. In view of this, a "source-sink-end" "three-in-one" risk control system was proposed in this paper: based on scientific "source" identification, centered on flux "sink" characterization, and guaranteed by receptor "end" verification, this system was designed to practice the concept of "prevention first, remediation second", and to promote food security and the sustainable utilization of soil resources.

Key words

soil / heavy metal / quantitative source-sink analysis / sustainability / risk control

Cite this article

Download Citations
CHEN Wei-sheng, SHI Qing, ZHANG Zhi-ke, LIU Rui-ping, ZHANG Jian, SONG Yi-nan, ZHANG Jing-zhuo, YANG Yang, ZHANG Hao, ZHAO Bin. Quantitative analysis of source-sink and sustainable risk control for heavy metals in soil[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(3): 1444-1459

References

[1] 于方明,姚亚威,谢冬煜,等.泗顶矿区6种土地利用类型土壤微生物群落结构特征 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(5):2262-2269. Yu F M, YAO Y W, Xie D Y, et al. Study on the soil microbial community structure associated with six land use in siding mining area [J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 2020,40(5):2262-2269.
[2] 陈世宝,王萌,李杉杉,等.中国农田土壤重金属污染防治现状与问题思考 [J]. 地学前缘, 2019,26(6):35-41. Chen S B, Wang M, Li S S, et al. Current status of and discussion on farmland heavy metal pollution prevention in China [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2019,26(6):35-41.
[3] Itps F, Food J, Nations A, et al. Status of the world’s soil resources (SWSR)—Main report [M]. Rome: Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations and intergovernmental technical panel on soils, 2015:4-6.
[4] Singh O, Labana S, Pandey G, et al. Phytoremediation: an overview of metallic ion decontamination from soil [J]. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2003,61(5):405-412.
[5] Liang J, Feng C, Zeng G, et al. Spatial distribution and source identification of heavy metals in surface soils in a typical coal mine city, Lianyuan, China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,225:681- 690.
[6] 黄国锋,王中伟,谢志宜,等.基于Meta分析的广东省农用地土壤重金属污染现状 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2025,45(3):1431-1443. Huang G F, Wang Z W, Xie Z Y, et al. Meta analysis of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil in Guangdong Province [J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 2025,45(3):1431-1443.
[7] Stankovic S, Kalaba P, Stankovic A R. Biota as toxic metal indicators [J]. Environmental chemistry letters, 2014,12(1):63-84.
[8] 任宇,曹文庚,肖舜禹,等.重金属在土壤中的分布、危害与治理技术研究进展 [J]. 中国地质, 2024,51(1):118-142. Ren Y, Cao W G, Xiao S Y, et al. Research progress on distribution, harm and control technology of heavy metals in soil [J]. Geology in China, 2024,51(1):118-142.
[9] Solangi S A, Baig J A, Afridi H I, et al. Environmental monitoring and assessment of heavy metals in paddy fields treated with synthetic and mixed fertilizers [J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2024,21(9):6695-6712.
[10] Shi T R, Ma J, Wu X, et al. Inventories of heavy metal inputs and outputs to and from agricultural soils: A review [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018,164:118-124.
[11] 宋志晓,魏楠,崔轩,等.中国土壤污染源头管控现状及对策研究 [J]. 环境科学与管理, 2022,47(12):5-9. Song Z X, Wei N, Cui X, et al. Research on current situation and countermeasures of soil pollution source control in China [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2022,47(12):5-9.
[12] Wang J, Zhang X, Yang Q, et al. Pollution characteristics of atmospheric dustfall and heavy metals in a typical inland heavy industry city in China [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2018, 71:283-291.
[13] Li W, Yang M, Liao K, et al. Distribution, sources, and ecological risks of heavy metal contamination at the sediment-water interface in the Dongjiang Basin based on in situ high-resolution measurements [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2025:126853.
[14] Wang Q, Li C, Hao D, et al. A novel four-dimensional prediction model of soil heavy metal pollution: Geographical explanations beyond artificial intelligence "black box" [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023,458:131900.
[15] Vrebos D, Bampa F, Creamer R E, et al. The impact of policy instruments on soil multifunctionality in the European Union [J]. Sustainability, 2017,9(3):407.
[16] Glæsner N, Helming K, De Vries W. Do current European policies prevent soil threats and support soil functions? [J]. Sustainability, 2014,6(12):9538-9563.
[17] Ridsdale D R, Noble B F. Assessing sustainable remediation frameworks using sustainability principles [J]. Journal of environmental management, 2016,184:36-44.
[18] Helming K, Daedlow K, Hansjürgens B, et al. Assessment and governance of sustainable soil management [J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(12):4432.
[19] 陈雅丽,翁莉萍,马杰,等.近十年中国土壤重金属污染源解析研究进展 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2019,38(10):2219-2238. Chen Y L, Weng L P, Ma J, et al. Review on the last ten years of research on source identification of heavy metal pollution in soils [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2019,38(10):2219-2238.
[20] 杨昱莹,刘亮,陈明,等.长三角地区南京市表土重金属污染特征及源解析 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2024,44(7):3910-3918. Yang Y Y, Liu L, Chen M, et al. Characterization and source analysis of topsoil heavy metal pollution in Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta Region [J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 2024,44(7):3910-3918.
[21] Zeng Q P, Wang Z, Luo Y, et al. Evaluation and source apportionment on potentially toxic elements pollution of agricultural soil in mango planting areas in Panzhihua City, China [J]. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 2025,34(1):104-126.
[22] 马杰,秦启荧,王胜蓝,等.基于APCS-MLR模型和地理探测器的煤矸山周边土壤污染溯源解析和影响因素分析 [J]. 环境科学, 2024, 45(12):7157-7165. Ma J, Qin Q Y, Wang S L, et al. Source apportionment and influence factors analysis of heavy metals in soils around a coal gangue heap using the APCS-MLR model and Geo detector [J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(12):7157-7165.
[23] Shi T, Ma J, Wu F, et al. Mass balance-based inventory of heavy metals inputs to and outputs from agricultural soils in Zhejiang Province, China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,649: 1269-1280.
[24] Araújo D F, Boaventura G R, Machado W, et al. Tracing of anthropogenic zinc sources in coastal environments using stable isotope composition [J]. Chemical Geology, 2017,449:226-235.
[25] 张长波,骆永明,吴龙华.土壤污染物源解析方法及其应用研究进展 [J]. 土壤, 2007,39(2):190-195. Zhang C B, Luo Y M, Wu L H. Methods for source apportionment of soil pollutants and their advances in application to soil environmental research [J]. Soils, 2007,39(2):190-195.
[26] 邢建伟,宋金明.中国近海大气颗粒物来源解析研究进展 [J]. 环境化学, 2023,42(3):942-962. Xing J W, Song J M. Source apportionment of atmospheric particulates in China sea: A review [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2023,42(3):942-962.
[27] 冯银厂.我国大气颗粒物来源解析研究工作的进展 [J]. 环境保护, 2017,45(21):17-20. Feng Y C. Research progress of source apportionment of atmospheric particulates in China [J]. Environmental Protection, 2017,45(21): 17-20.
[28] 刘鑫,池华剑,谭志强,等.中国滇西北某地区矿山、采石场等特殊区域周边土壤的重金属分布特征、源解析及风险评价 [J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2023,43(S1):327-328. Liu X, Chi H J, Tan Z Q, et al. Heavy metals distribution characteristics, source analysis and risk evaluation of soils around mines, quarries, and other special areas in a region of Northwestern Yunnan, China [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2023,43 (S1):327-328.
[29] Wu J, Li J, Teng Y, et al. A partition computing-based positive matrix factorization (PC-PMF) approach for the source apportionment of agricultural soil heavy metal contents and associated health risks [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020,388:121766.
[30] 刘恩莲,王方华.济南市环境空气中多环芳烃的来源识别和解析 [J]. 中国环境监测, 2007,(1):58-62. Liu E L, Wang F H. Analysis on source of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Jinan’s atmosphere [J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2007,(1):58-62.
[31] 金蕾,华蕾.大气颗粒物源解析受体模型应用研究及发展现状 [J]. 中国环境监测, 2007,(1):38-42. Jin L, Hua L. Research and development status of receptor model on source apportionment of atmospheric particulate matter [J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2007,(1):38-42.
[32] Shi G T, Chen Z L, Bi C J, et al. A comparative study of health risk of potentially toxic metals in urban and suburban road dust in the most populated city of China [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(3): 764-771.
[33] 张延君,郑玫,蔡靖,等.PM2.5源解析方法的比较与评述 [J]. 科学通报, 2015,60(2):109-121. Zhang Y J, Zheng M, Cai J, et al. Comparison and overview of PM2.5source apportionment methods [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015,60(2):109-121.
[34] 王浩东.阜新玛瑙产业集中区场地重金属风险管控研究 [D]. 沈阳:沈阳大学, 2024. Wang H D. Study on Risk Control of heavy metals from an agate industry concentration area site in Fuxin City [D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University, 2024.
[35] Zhang H, Yin A, Yang X, et al. Use of machine-learning and receptor models for prediction and source apportionment of heavy metals in coastal reclaimed soils [J]. Ecological Indicators, 2021,122:107233.
[36] Breiman L. Random forests [J]. Machine learning, 2001,45(1):5-32.
[37] 宋志廷,赵玉杰,周其文,等.基于地质统计及随机模拟技术的天津武清区土壤重金属源解析 [J]. 环境科学, 2016,37(7):2756-2762. Song Z T, Zhao Y J, Zhou Q W, et al. Applications of geostatistical analyses and stochastic models to identify sources of soil heavy metals in Wuqing district, Tianjin, China [J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(7):2756-2762.
[38] Hu Y, Cheng H, Technology. Application of stochastic models in identification and apportionment of heavy metal pollution sources in the surface soils of a large-scale region [J]. Environmental science & technology, 2013,47(8):3752-3760.
[39] Thooyavan Y, Kumaraswamidhas L A, Raj R D, et al. Modelling and characterization of basalt/vinyl ester/SiC micro-and nano-hybrid biocomposites properties using novel ANN–GA approach [J]. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2024,21(2):938-952.
[40] Wong L A, Chen J C, Xue H, et al. A model study of the circulation in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and its adjacent coastal waters: 1. Simulations and comparison with observations [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2003,108(C5).
[41] 赵萍,阮旭东,刘亚风,等.基于遗传算法和BP神经网络的矿区土壤重金属含量空间分布预测 [J]. 土壤, 2024,56(4):889-896. Zhao P, Ruan X D, Liu Y F, et al, Prediction of spatial distribution of soil heavy metal contents in mining areas based on genetic algorithm and BP neural network [J]. Soil, 2024,56(4):889-896.
[42] Al Aawar E, Hammoud M A E R, Hoteit I. Two-step AI-aided Bayesian source identification of urban-scale pollution [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2024,323:120388.
[43] 柯昌华,金文刚,钟秦,等.玉溪市中心城区TSP源解析研究 [J]. 安全与环境学报, 2003,3(5):40-43. Ke C H, Jin W G, Zhong Q, Xu F. An analysis of five chief pollution sources of TSP in downtown ambient air of YUXI through factor analysis [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2003,3(5):40-43.
[44] 冯精兰,刘书卉,申君慧,等.新乡市道路灰尘中PAHs的污染特征和来源解析 [J]. 环境化学, 2013,32(4):630-639. Feng J L, Liu S H, Shen J H, et al. Pollution characteristics and source appointment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust from Xinxiang [J]. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2013, 32(4):630-639.
[45] Kleinman M T. The apportionment of sources of airborne particulate matter [M]. New York: New York University, 1977:8-9.
[46] 肖文丹,叶雪珠,张棋,等.基于稳定同位素与多元素的土壤铅污染源解析 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(5):2319-2328. Xiao W D, Ye X Z, Zhang Q, et al. Source apportionment of lead pollution in soil based on the stable isotope and multi element characteristics [J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(5):2319- 2328.
[47] 张亚峰,马强,施泽明,等.黄河流域青海段土壤重金属累积特征及源解析 [J]. 环境科学, 2024:1-15. Zhang Y F, Ma Q, Shi Z M, et al. Pollution assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in soil of Qinghai section of the Yellow River Basin [J]. Environmental Science, 2024:1-15.
[48] 杨子鹏,肖荣波,陈玉萍,等.华南地区典型燃煤电厂周边土壤重金属分布、风险评估及来源分析 [J]. 生态学报, 2020,40(14):4823-4835. Yang Z P, Xiao R B, Chen Y P, et al. Heavy metal distribution, risk assessment and source analysis of soil around a typical coal-fired power plant in South China [J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2020,40(14): 4823-4835.
[49] 张雅铷.基于多参数特征比值法的大气颗粒物污染类型快速识别方法及应用 [D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2023. Zhang Y R. Method of quickly identifying the types of particulate pollution based on multi-parameter feature ratio and its application [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2023.
[50] 刘贵荣.基于比值法的源解析技术研究 [D]. 天津:南开大学, 2015. Liu G R. Study of source apportionment based on ratio method [D]. Tianjin: Nankai University, 2015.
[51] 刘宏波,瞿明凯,张健琳,等.土壤污染物源解析技术研究进展 [J]. 环境监控与预警, 2021,13(1):1-6. Liu H B, Qu M K, Zhang J L, et al. Research progress in source apportionment of soil pollutants [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning, 2021,13(1):1-6.
[52] 闫颖,张晓文,郭波莉.铅-镉-锌-汞稳定同位素在重金属污染源解析中的研究进展 [J]. 环境化学, 2020,39(10):2712-2721. Yan Y, Zhang X W, Guo B L. Applications of lead-cadmium- zinc-mercury stable isotopes in source identification of heavy metal pollutions [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020,39(10):2712-2721.
[53] 肖文丹,叶雪珠,张棋,等.基于稳定同位素与多元素的土壤铅污染源解析 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(5):2319-2328. Xiao W D, Ye X Z, Zhang Q, et al. Source apportionment of lead pollution in soil based on the stable isotope and multi element characteristics [J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(5):2319- 2328.
[54] Wang J, Wang L, Wang Y, et al. Emerging risks of toxic metal (loid) s in soil-vegetables influenced by steel-making activities and isotopic source apportionment [J]. Environment International, 2021,146: 106207.
[55] 李娇,滕彦国,吴劲,等.PMF模型解析土壤重金属来源的不确定性 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(2):716-725. Li J, Teng Y G, Wu J, et al. Uncertainty analysis of soil heavy metal source apportionment by PMF model [J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(2):716-725.
[56] 叶盼青,阿不都艾尼·阿不里,孙小丽,等.天山北坡经济带土壤重金属来源及污染评价 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2022,42(10):4704-4712. Ye P Q, Abli A E, Sun X L, et al. Source analysis and pollution assessment of soil heavy metals in the economic belt on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. [J]. China Environmental Science, 2022, 42(10):4704-4712.
[57] Paatero P, Tapper U. Positive matrix factorization: A non‐negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values [J]. Environmetrics, 1994,5(2):111-126.
[58] 刘楠,唐莹影,陈盟,等.基于APCS-MLR和PMF的铅锌矿流域土壤重金属来源解析 [J] 中国环境科学,. 2023,43(3):1267-1276. Liu N, Tang Y Y, Chen M, et al. Source apportionment of soil heavy metals in lead-zinc area based on APCS-MLR and PMF [J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43(3):1267-1276.
[59] 沈宸宇,闫钰,于瑞莲,等. APCS-MLR结合PMF模型解析厦门杏林湾近郊流域沉积物金属来源 [J]. 环境科学, 2022,43(5):2476- 2488. Shen C Y, Yan Y, Yu R L, et al. APCS-MLR combined with PMF model to analyze the source of metals in sediment of Xinglin Bay suburban watershed, Xiamen [J]. Environmental Science, 2022,43(5): 2476-2488.
[60] 彭聪,梁建宏,任坤,等.基于PCA-APCS-MLR模型的滇池流域地下水质量影响因素定量识别 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2024,37(5): 1116-1126. Peng C, Liang J H, Ren K, et al. Quantitative identification of factors affecting groundwater quality in Dianchi Lake Basin based on PCA- APCS-MLR model [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2024, 37(5):1116-1126.
[61] 丁启振,周殷竹,周金龙,等.吐鲁番盆地绿洲区地下水硼的水文地球化学过程及健康风险 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2025,45(4):2183-2196. Ding Q Z, Zhou Y Z, Zhou J L, et al, Hydrogeochemical process and health risk of boron in groundwater in oasis area of Turpan Basin [J]. China Environmental Science, 2025,45(4):2183-2196.
[62] 蔡昂祖,张海霞,王小剑,等.Unmix模型污染源解析研究进展及应用前景 [J]. 土壤通报, 2021,52(3):747-756. Cai A Z, Zhang H X, Wang X J, et al. Review on the pollution source apportionment by unmix model and application prospect [J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2021,52(3):747-756.
[63] Miller M, Friedlander S, Hidy G, et al. A chemical element balance for the Pasadena aerosol [J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1972,39(1):165-176.
[64] Zhang Z, Huang S, Chen H, et al. Deciphering the pollution risks, sources and their links of heavy metals in soils [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2024,950:175331.
[65] 郑顺安,习斌,吴泽嬴,等.污灌区盐分累积对污染土壤汞释放通量的影响 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(3):1047-1053. Zheng S A, Xi B, Wu Z Y, et al. A simulation study of mercury release fluxes from soils under different salinity levels in the wastewater- irrigated area [J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 2018,38(3):1047- 1053.
[66] 杨烨宇,李程,杨忠芳,等.广西横州市岩溶与非岩溶区耕层土壤Zn通量特征 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2024,44(12):6817-6827. Yang Y Y, Li C, Yang Z F, et al. Characteristics of Zn flux in cultivated soil layer in karst and non-karst areas of Hengzhou, Guangxi [J]. China Environmental Science, 2024,44(12):6817-6827.
[67] 王梦梦,原梦云,苏德纯.我国大气重金属干湿沉降特征及时空变化规律 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(11):4085-4096. Wang M M, Yuan M Y, Su D C. Characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of heavy metals in atmospheric dry and wet deposition of China [J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(11):4085-4096.
[68] 陈其永,郜允兵,倪润祥,等.2000~2018年我国大气重金属沉降通量时空变化特征 [J]. 环境科学, 2022,43(9):4413-4424. Chen Q Y, Gao Y B, Ni R X, et al. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of heavy metal in atmospheric deposition in China from 2000 to 2018 [J]. Environmental Science, 2022,43(9):4413-4424.
[69] Nicholson F A, Smith S R, Alloway B J, et al. An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales [J]. Science of the total environment, 2003,311(1-3):205-219.
[70] Cora M G, Hung Y T, Pagan-Rodriguez D. Air dispersion modeling: Using SCREEN3to determine the MAGLC of air toxics [J]. Environmental Quality Management, 2003,12(4):67-79.
[71] Alexeeff S E, Roy A, Shan J, et al. High-resolution mapping of traffic related air pollution with Google street view cars and incidence of cardiovascular events within neighborhoods in Oakland, CA [J]. Environmental Health, 2018,17(1):1-13.
[72] Petersen R L, Paumier J O, Guerra S A. Development, evaluation, and implementation of building downwash and plume rise enhancements in AERMOD [J]. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2022,72(12):1423-1441.
[73] Elbir T, Pollution. Application of an ISCST3model for predicting urban air pollution in the Izmir metropolitan area [J]. International journal of environment and pollution, 2002,18(5):498-507.
[74] Xu H, Zhu Y, Wang L, et al. Source contribution analysis of mercury deposition using an enhanced CALPUFF-Hg in the central Pearl River Delta, China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,250:1032-1043.
[75] 霍淑霞.冬季区域短期大气污染源的HYSPLIT模型研究 [J]. 环境科学与管理, 2025,50(1):130-134. Huo S X. HYSPLIT Model Analysis of short-term regional air pollution sources in winter [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2025,50(1):130-134.
[76] Antonucci A, Viotti P, Luciano A, et al. A numerical model of the soil flushing remediation in heavy metal contaminated soil [J]. Chemical engineering transactions, 2013,32:469-474.
[77] Snoun H, Alahmadi M M, Nikfal A, et al. Data assimilation enhances WRF-Chem performance in modeling volcanic ash clouds from Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Eruption [J]. Journal of Meteorological Research, 2024,38(6):1122-1140.
[78] Sagan V, Pasken R, Zarauz J, et al. SO2trajectories in a complex terrain environment using CALPUFF dispersion model, OMI and MODIS data [J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2018,69:99-109.
[79] Jiang S L, Dong X Y, Han Z M, et al. Emissions and atmospheric dry and wet deposition of trace metals from natural and anthropogenic sources in mainland China [J]. Atmosphere, 2024,15(4):402.
[80] Chen C W, Chen Y T. Study on the chemical reaction and deposition calculation of mercury in the atmosphere [C]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing, 2020,576(1): 012004.
[81] 张刚,王宁,艾建超,等.持续性降水气象条件下土壤/大气间汞通量特征 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(3):409-415. Zhang G, Wang N, Ai J C, et al. Characteristics of mercury flux between soil and air under the meteorological condition of durative precipitation [J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 2013,33(3): 409-415.
[82] 杨忠平,卢文喜,龙玉桥,等.长春市城区大气湿沉降中重金属及pH值调查 [J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2009,39(5):887-892. Yang Z P, Lu W X, Long Y Q, et al. Current situation of pH and wet deposition of heavy metals in precipatation in Changchun City, China [J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2009,39(5): 887-892.
[83] Jiang M, Peng H, Liang S, et al. How atmospheric deposition contribute to watershed heavy metals contamination in coastal watersheds in China: A case study of Laizhou Bay [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2024,954:176374.
[84] 李丹,王克强,施亚盛,等.珠江三角洲典型站点大气金属元素的湿沉降特征、来源及生态风险评价 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2023,43(11): 206-217. Li D, Wang K Q, Shi Y S, et al. Characteristics sources and ecological risk assessment of metal elements in atmospheric wet deposition at typical stations in the Pearl River Delta [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2023,43(11):206-217.
[85] Xia X, Yang Z, Cui Y, et al. Soil heavy metal concentrations and their typical input and output fluxes on the Southern Song-Nen Plain, Heilongjiang Province, China [J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2014,139:85-96.
[86] Liao S, Jin G, Khan M A, et al. The quantitative source apportionment of heavy metals in peri-urban agricultural soils with UNMIX and input fluxes analysis [J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2021,21:101232.
[87] Yi K, Fan W, Chen J, et al. Annual input and output fluxes of heavy metals to paddy fields in four types of contaminated areas in Hunan Province, China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,634: 67-76.
[88] 米雅竹,梁家妮,周俊,等.典型冶炼厂大气沉降区农田耕层土壤重金属(Cd、Cu、Pb)输入输出平衡研究 [J]. 土壤学报, 2024,61(5): 1339-1348. Mi Y Z, Liang J N, Zhou J, et al. Input and output balance of heavy metals(Cd, Cu, Pb)in arable soils in atmospheric deposition area of typical smelter [J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2024,61(5):1339-1348.
[89] Casetta M, Philippe S, Courcot L, et al. A quantitative assessment of the behavior of metallic elements in urban soils exposed to industrial dusts near Dunkerque(northern France) [J]. Soil, 2025,11(2):467-488.
[90] Hou Q, Yang Z, Ji J, et al. Annual net input fluxes of heavy metals of the agro-ecosystem in the Yangtze River Delta, China [J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2014,139:68-84.
[91] Imseng M, Wiggenhauser M, Keller A, et al. Fate of Cd in agricultural soils: A stable isotope approach to anthropogenic impact, soil formation, and soil-plant cycling [J]. Environmental science & technology, 2018,52(4):1919-1928.
[92] Peng D, Zhang J, Fan C, et al. Effects of terrestrial input on heavy metals in Zhanjiang Bay, a typical subtropical bay in the South China Sea [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2024,199:116015.
[93] 何高波,徐丹,桂智凡,等.黄石市城区土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析 [J]. 土壤通报, 2025,56(3):851-860. He G B, Xu D, Gui Z F, et al. Source and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil in Huangshi, China [J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2025,56(3):851-860.
[94] Xia Y, Gao T, Liu Y, et al. Zinc isotope revealing zinc's sources and transport processes in karst region [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,724:138191.
[95] Wang S, Wu W, Liu F, et al. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil-crop systems: a review for wheat and corn [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017,24(18):15209-15225.
[96] Seth C S, Remans T, Keunen E, et al. Phytoextraction of toxic metals: a central role for glutathione [J]. Plant Cell and Environment, 2012, 35(2):334-346.
[97] Paz-Ferreiro J, Lu H, Fu S, et al. Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal polluted soils: A review [J]. Solid Earth, 2014,5(1):65-75.
[98] Gao Y, Zhu B, Zhou P, et al. Effects of vegetation cover on phosphorus loss from a hillslope cropland of purple soil under simulated rainfall: A case study in China [J]. ‌Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems‌, 2009, 85(3):263-273.
[99] Li Y L, Wang C Q, Yan C W, et al. Heavy metal concentrations and accumulation characteristics of dominant woody plants in Iron and lead-zinc Tailing areas in Jiangxi, Southeast China [J]. Forests, 2023, 14(4):846.
[100]石陶然.基于输入输出清单的浙江省农田土壤重金属预测预警及污染状况研究 [D]. 咸阳:西北农林科技大学, 2019. Shi T R. Prediction and early-warning forecast on heavy metals and their pollution status in agricultural soils in Zhejiang Province, China based on input-output inventory [D]. Xianyang: Northwest A&F University, 2019.
[101]杨雳,董欣平,林静,等.苏南太湖流域农田土壤重金属输入输出清单构建及风险预警 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2024,44(9):5085-5098. Yang L, Dong X P, Lin J, et al. Input-output inventory and risk early warning of heavy metal in farmland soil in Taihu Lake Basin, Southern Jiangsu [J]. China Environmental Science, 2024,44(9):5085-5098.
[102]陈雪,杨忠芳,陈岳龙,等.广西中东部9县区农田土壤Se输入通量研究 [J]. 物探与化探, 2020,44(4):820-829. Chen X, Yang Z F, Chen Y L, et al. Selenium input flux in farmland soil of 9counties in the Middle East of Guangxi [J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020,44(4):820-829.
[103]Peng H, Chen Y, Weng L, et al. Comparisons of heavy metal input inventory in agricultural soils in North and South China: A review [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019,660:776-786.
[104]Pan X, Chin M, Gautam R, et al. A multi-model evaluation of aerosols over South Asia: common problems and possible causes [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015,15(10):5903-5928.
[105]Jiang W, Hou Q, Yang Z, et al. Annual input fluxes of heavy metals in agricultural soil of Hainan Island, China [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014,21(13):7876-7885.
[106]Jiang F, Wang H, Chen J, et al. Carbon balance of China constrained by CONTRAIL aircraft CO2 measurements [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014,14(18):10133-10144.
[107]Cai K, Li C. Ecological risk, input flux, and source of heavy metals in the agricultural plain of Hebei Province, China [J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022,19(4): 2288.
[108]刘子青,刘菁,刘寒冰,等.我国耕地土壤重金属输入输出平衡变化分析 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2023,42(6):1274-1284. Liu Z Q, Liu J, Liu H B, et al. Analysis of the changes in the input and output balance of heavy metals in Chinese agricultural soils [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2023,42(6):1274-1284.
[109]丛源,郑萍,陈岳龙,等.北京农田生态系统土壤重金属元素的生态风险评价 [J]. 地质通报, 2008,(5):681-688. Cong Y, Zheng P, Chen Y L, et al. Ecological risk assessments of heavy metals in soils of the farmland ecosystem of Beijing, China [J]. Geologcal Bulletin of China, 2008,(5):681-688.
[110]赵归梅,吴秋梅,胡文友,等.历史遗留矿区农田土壤重金属输入输出平衡研究 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2024,43(7):1492-1502. Zhao G M, Wu Q M, Hu W Y, et al. Input and output balance of heavy metals from an abandoned mining area in farmland soils [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2024,43(7):1492-1502.
[111]Qu M, Guang X, Wu S, et al. Determining the net input fluxes of pollutants based on the spatial source apportionment receptor model for early warning of regional soil pollution [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024,471:134409.
[112]Feng W, Guo Z, Xiao X, et al. A dynamic model to evaluate the critical loads of heavy metals in agricultural soil [J]. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2020,197:110607.
[113]De Vries W, Kros J, Voogd J C, et al. Integrated assessment of agricultural practices on large scale losses of ammonia, greenhouse gases, nutrients and heavy metals to air and water [J]. Science of the total Environment, 2023,857:159220.
[114]Chen R, Gao T, Cheng N, et al. Application of DGT/DIFS to assess bioavailable Cd to maize and its release in agricultural soils [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,411:124837.
[115]陈亚松,刘家雯,赵云鹏,等.基于机器学习的人工湿地出水水质预测与影响因素 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2025,45(6):3161-3170. Chen Y S, Liu J W, Zhao Y P, et al. Prediction of effluent water quality and analysis of influencing factors in constructed wetlands based on machine learning [J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 2025,45(6): 3161-3170.
[116]Yaseen Z M. An insight into machine learning models era in simulating soil, water bodies and adsorption heavy metals: Review, challenges and solutions [J]. Chemosphere, 2021,277:130126.
[117]Zhou W, Zhang J, Zou M, et al. Feasibility of using rice leaves hyperspectral data to estimate CaCl2 extractable concentrations of heavy metals in agricultural soil [J]. Scientific Reports, 2019,9(1): 16084.
[118]刘立拓,刘建国,赵南京,等.激光诱导击穿光谱数据特征自动提取方法研究 [J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2011,38(s1):115002-115001. Liu L T, Liu J G, Zhao N J, et al. Study on the automatic extraction method of spectral data features in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2011,38(s1): 115002-115001.
[119]Wu Q, Hu W, Tian K, et al. Quantification of sources and input-output pathways of heavy metals in soils from an abandoned mining watershed using Cd isotope tracing and inventory analysis [J]. Geoderma, 2025,459:117359.
[120]Du Z, Sun X, Zheng S, et al. Optimal biochar selection for cadmium pollution remediation in Chinese agricultural soils via optimized machine learning [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024,476:135065.
[121]田安红,李智缘,付承彪,等.云南墨江矿区周边山地农田土壤重金属的高光谱反演 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2025,41(5):191-200. Tian A H, Liu Z Y, Fu C B, et al. Hyperspectral inversion of soil heavy metals in mountain farmland around Mojiang Mining Areas in Yunnan, China [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2025,41(5):191-200.
[122]Fu Y, Li F, Guo S, et al. Cadmium concentration and its typical input and output fluxes in agricultural soil downstream of a heavy metal sewage irrigation area [J]. Journal of hazardous materials, 2021,412: 125203.
[123]Xia F, Zhao Z, Niu X, et al. Modelling of soil environmental quality and early warning of integrated ecological risk [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2024,342:123103.
[124]Hou D, O’connor D, Igalavithana A D, et al. Metal contamination and bioremediation of agricultural soils for food safety and sustainability [J]. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2020,1(7):366-381.
[125]Zhou Q, Tan Q, Zeng H, et al. Does soil pollution prevention and control promote corporate sustainable development? A quasi-natural experiment of “10-point soil plan” in China [J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(5):4598.
PDF(1927 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/