A review on value realization of ecological products

LIU Guo-bo; LIU Gui-huan; WANG Xia-hui

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China Environmental Science ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3) : 1764-1776.

Environmental Impact Assessment and Management

A review on value realization of ecological products

LIU Guo-bo^1,2, LIU Gui-huan^1,2, WANG Xia-hui²

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Abstract

Addressing the shortcomings in theoretical research and practice regarding the realization of ecological product value including unclear definitions of certain concepts, ambiguous value realization mechanisms, imperfect value accounting methods, lagging marketization and industrialization, and unsound implementation mechanisms, we systematically reviewed and summarized the conceptual connotation, basic attributes, realization mechanisms, evaluation systems, path models, and policies and systems of ecological products in my country using a literature review approach. From the aspects of formulating ecological product evaluation standards, improving the accounting methods for the gross ecosystem product, deepening the application of the accounting results for the gross ecosystem product, and strengthening the confirmation of ecological resource rights and the development of ecological industries, the following countermeasures and suggestions were proposed: Formulate scientific, unified, and operable national standards for the definition, classification, and evaluation of ecological products, taking into account the natural origin, environmental attributes of the place of origin, final use of the product, full identification of benefits, and avoidance of duplication in accounting. The existing methods and frameworks should be optimized for calculating the value of ecological products from the perspectives of scientific methodology, digitalization of the accounting process, comparability of accounting results, and applicability of policies and systems. The results of the gross ecosystem product should be applied in a diversified and institutionalized manner in areas such as ecological civilization construction and high-quality economic development, so as to achieve a fundamental shift from "calculating" to "using". Based on the fundamental characteristics and multiple value attributes of ecological products, we should strengthen the confirmation of ecological asset rights, the evaluation of ecological product value and supply-demand matching, vigorously develop ecological industries, and comprehensively utilize both government regulation and market mechanisms to realize the value of ecological products.

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ecological products / ecosystem services / gross ecosystem product / ecological product evaluation / ecological industry

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LIU Guo-bo, LIU Gui-huan, WANG Xia-hui. A review on value realization of ecological products[J]. China Environmental Science. 2026, 46(3): 1764-1776

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