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| National survey and risk assessment of haloacetic acids in drinking water in China for reevaluation of the drinking water standards |
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Abstract Nine haloacetic acids were determined in finished water samples from 117 drinking water supply plants, using a specific and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method. Of nine haloacetic acids, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid showed high detection frequencies with 78.6% and 81.2%, and concentrations with 3.47μg/L and 3.31μg/L, respectively. The expected lifetime cancer risk of dichloroacetic acid associated with uptake of drinking water in China was 5.72×10-6, showing a relatively low risk. The concentration of trichloroacetic acid in finished water which exceeded the health guideline value of 20μg/L was estimated to be 1.7%. Based on the results of risk assessment and the national survey of haloacetic acids, the criteria of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic were suggested to be 16μg/L and 20μg/L, respectively.
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Received: 06 July 2011
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