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| Industrial structure adjustment of Qingdao under the comprehensive constraint of economy and environment |
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Abstract Qingdao is in need of industrial structure adjustment to control ocean pollution. Thus, the industrial structure of this city was optimized by calculating the maximum permitted chemical oxygen demand (COD) discharging amounts from households, agriculture, industries, and services in 2015 with the use of a multi-purpose nonlinear programming model. Results indicate that the maximum permitted COD discharging amount and gross domestic product (GDP) of the whole city and three pollutant-discharging districts (i.e., Jiaozhou Bay, Laizhou Bay, and Huanghai Sea) in 2015 increased by 1.4times to 2.3times and by 2.3times to 16.2times, respectively. The maximum permitted COD discharging amount of households, agriculture, industries, and services in Qingdao and the three pollutant-discharging districts were 11.6 × 104, 20.4 × 104, 18.4 × 104, and 17.1 × 104 tons, respectively. The percentage of maximum permitted COD discharging amount of the four industries showed that the household and agriculture percentages decreased, whereas those of industry and service increased. Under the optimized proportion of maximum permitted discharging amount of pollutants, the service GDP of Qingdao, rather than the industry GDP, comprised the largest proportion of total GDP. The COD pollution intensity of households and agriculture decreased. The Gini coefficients of the whole city and the three pollutant- discharging districts were below the warning value of 0.4. The above results suggested that the coordination of economic development and environmental regulation could be achieved by using the proposed model, which provided a basis for the industrial structure adjustment in Qingdao.
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Received: 10 February 2014
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