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| Assessment of co-control effects for air pollutants and green house gases in urban transport: A case study in Urumqi |
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Abstract In this study, the co-control effects of 12 typical emission reduction measures used in Urumqi urban transport system were analyzed. An Air Pollutant and Greenhouse Gas Equivalence index (APeq) was built to normalize the effects of the emission reduction of the different pollutants. The unit pollutant or greenhouse gas reduction cost (UPRC) was then calculated to rank these measures according to their cost-effectiveness. The results showed that gasoline-to-CNG retrofit program of taxis and personal vehicles and the application of electric cars were unable to achieve co-reduction. On the other hand, improving exhaust emission standards, application of natural gas buses, improving fuel efficiency of passenger cars, upgrading fuel quality, phasing out heavy-polluting vehicles, rail transit and bus rapid transit could simultaneously reduce local air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. The economic analysis indicated that improving the fuel efficiency of passenger cars was the most cost-effective strategy, while rail transit was more expensive than other measures but had promising emission reduction effects.
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Received: 10 March 2014
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