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Abstract An extensive survey was conducted to evaluate the health risk of potentially toxic heavy metals in near-surface urban dust environment of Changchun, P.R.China. 232samples were collected, using a systematic sampling strategy with a sampling density 3~5 composite dust samples (about 1.5m above the ground surface) per km2in urban sit. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry (AFS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) were employed to analyze the Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, As, Hg and Cd concentration of urban dust, respectively. The results indicated that the mean concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in the near-surface urban dusts of Changchun was 23.26, 0.62, 94.53, 68.41, 0.24, 93.63 and 416.71 mg/kg, respectively, which are significant higher than the value of Changchun topsoils, meanwhile, which also shows that the urban dust in Changchun was polluted. The results of health risk assessment showed that children has had greater health risks than adults, the exposure doses for children were 7.3 times higher than those for adults, except for As which is 7.9 times higher. The exposure pathway which resulted in the highest level of risk for human exposed to near-surface dust was ingestion of this material, which was followed by dermal contact. As for the aggregate non-carcinogenic health risk (HI), As was of most concern regarding the potential occurrence of health impact, which was followed by Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg. The average non-carcinogenic health risk index for children and adults were 1.11 and 0.14, respectively. Of the three carcinogenic metals concernedin present study As, Cr and Cd, As was of most concerned. The average aggregate carcinogenic health risk index (RISKt) was 6.35×10-5, which was higher than the EPA advised values. However, except for some locations, risk values of both cancer and non-cancer health risk obtained in present study were in the receivable range on the whole.
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Received: 23 July 2014
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CHEN Huan-Yu, LIU Jing-Qing, WEI Zong-Yuan, ZHANG Hui-Hui, HE Xiao-Fang, ZHOU Xiao-Yan, QIU Shang-De, HU Bao-Lan, LOU Li-Ping. Radial differences in contaminant distribution in large-diameter pipe scales of main pipelines in drinking water distribution system[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2015, 35(9): 2706-2712. |
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