|
|
|
| Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments in the continental shelf to the east of Hainan Island |
| XU Fang-jian1,2, YAN Hui-mei1, TIAN Xu3, QIU Long-wei1, LIU Zhao-qing1, LI An-chun4, ZHAO Yong-fang4, YIN Xue-bo4 |
1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;
2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China;
3. National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao 266237, China;
4. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract The distribution and concentrations of six heavy metals (Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Zn, and Cd) in 29 surface sediment samples collected from the eastern continental shelf of Hainan Island were determined in this study. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the enrichment factor (EF), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) were analyzed to assess the potential contamination and the environmental risks associated with heavy metals. Generally, the concentrations of 6 heavy metals showed a similar distribution pattern, and were slightly decreased from the coast toward offshore. It was possible that these heavy metals shared similar sources, whereas the levels of Pb and As were influenced by anthropogenic activities. There were differences in the Igeo and EF values obtained from upper continental crust and the unpolluted sediment in offshore of Hainan Island. The average individual potential risk index of heavy metals showed the order Cd> As> Cu> Pb> Cr> Zn, suggesting “low potential ecological risks” of Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn. There were only a few sites possessing “considerable potential ecological risks” of As and Cd. PERI indicated that most of the sites could be categorized as “low potential ecological risks” in the studied area. The areas with higher potential ecological risks were near Wanquanhe, Lingshuihe and Sanyahe.
|
|
Received: 13 October 2015
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
Santschi P, Höhener P, Benoit G, et al. Chemical processes at the sediment-water interface [J]. Marine Chemistry, 1990,30:269-315.
|
| [2] |
Singh K P, Malik A, Sinha S, et al. Estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in sediments of Gomti River (India) using principal component analysis [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2005,166(1):321-341.
|
| [3] |
刘 成,王兆印,何 耘,等.环渤海湾诸河口潜在生态风险评价 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2002,15(5):33-37.
|
| [4] |
孔 明,董增林,晁建颖,等.巢湖表层沉积物重金属生物有效性与生态风险评价 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(4):1223-1229.
|
| [5] |
张 莉,祁士华,瞿程凯,等.福建九龙江流域重金属分布来源及健康风险评价 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(8):2133-2139.
|
| [6] |
Hu B Q, Li G G, Li J, et al. Spatial distribution and ecotoxicological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the southern Bohai Bay, China [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013,20(6):4099-4110.
|
| [7] |
张 彦,卢学强,刘红磊,等.渤海湾天津段表层沉积物重金属分布特征及其来源解析 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2014,27(6):608-614.
|
| [8] |
Yuan H M, Song J M, Li X G, et al. Distribution and contamination of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012,64(10):2151-2159.
|
| [9] |
蓝先洪,蜜蓓蓓,李日辉,等.渤海东部和黄海北部沉积物中重金属分布特征 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(10):2660-2668.
|
| [10] |
Lin S, Hsieh I, Huang K, et al. Influence of the Yangtze River and grain size on the spatial variations of heavy metals and organic carbon in the East China Sea continental shelf sediments [J]. Chemical Geology, 2002,182(2-4):377-394.
|
| [11] |
李 磊,平仙隐,王云龙,等.长江口及邻近海域沉积物中重金属研究-时空分布及污染分析 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(12): 2245-2252.
|
| [12] |
金 路,初凤友,赵建如,等.南海西北部浅海沉积物重金属污染的综合评价 [J]. 海洋学研究, 2011,29(2):24-34.
|
| [13] |
Hu B Q, Cui R Y, Li J, et al. Occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Changhua river estuary and adjacent shelf (Hainan Island) [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013,76(1/2):400-405.
|
| [14] |
Zhu L M, Xu J, Wang F, et al. An assessment of selected heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments from the South China Sea before 1998 [J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2011,108(1):1-14.
|
| [15] |
Long X Y, Ji J F, Balsam W. Rainfall-dependent transformations of iron oxides in a tropical saprolite transect of Hainan Island, South China: Spectral and magnetic measurements [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2011,116(F3):F3015.
|
| [16] |
Wang S L, Xu X R, Sun Y X, et al. Heavy metal pollution in coastal areas of South China: A review [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013,76(1/2):7-15.
|
| [17] |
Jia J J, Gao J H, Liu Y F, et al. Environmental changes in Shamei Lagoon, Hainan Island, China: Interactions between natural processes and human activities [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2012,30(52):158-168.
|
| [18] |
Vane C H, Harrison I, Kim A W, et al. Organic and metal contamination in surface mangrove sediments of South China [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2009,58(1):134-144.
|
| [19] |
张宇峰,武正华,王 宁,等.海南南岸港湾海水和沉积物重金属污染研究 [J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 2003,39(1):81-90.
|
| [20] |
Qiu Y W, Yu K F, Zhang G, et al. Accumulation and partitioning of seven trace metals in mangroves and sediment cores from three estuarine wetlands of Hainan Island, China [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011,190(1-3):631-638.
|
| [21] |
杨海丽,郑玉龙.海南洋浦湾近百年来人与自然相互作用下的环境沉积记录 [J]. 海洋学报, 2008,30(4):95-103.
|
| [22] |
陈 毅,夏 鹏,陈志华,等.海南沿岸海岛潮间带表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况及其潜在生态危害 [J]. 环境化学, 2012, 31(9):1450-1451.
|
| [23] |
GB/T 12763-2007 海洋调查规范 [S].
|
| [24] |
Müller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River [J]. Geojournal, 1969,3(2):108-118.
|
| [25] |
王 帅,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.九龙江河口表层沉积物中重金属污染评价及来源 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2014,27(10):1110-1118.
|
| [26] |
刘 明,张爱滨,范德江,等.渤海中部底质沉积物重金属环境质量 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(2):279-290.
|
| [27] |
Rundnick R L, Gao S. Composition of the Continental Crust [M]. Oxford:Pergamon, 2003:1-64.
|
| [28] |
Zhao D B, Wan S M, Yu Z J, et al. Distribution, enrichment and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hainan Island rivers, China [J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015,74(6): 5097-5110.
|
| [29] |
黄兴星,朱先芳,唐 磊,等.密云水库上游某铁矿区土壤重金属含量及形态研究 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(9):1632-1639.
|
| [30] |
Sutherland R A. Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii [J]. Environmental Geology, 2000, 39(6):611-627.
|
| [31] |
Håkanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sedimentological approach [J]. Water Research, 1980, 14(8):975-1001.
|
| [32] |
李 飞,徐 敏.海州湾表层沉积物重金属的来源特征及风险评价 [J]. 环境科学, 2014,35(3):1035-1040.
|
| [33] |
GB 18668-2002 海洋沉积物质量 [S].
|
| [34] |
徐恒振,周传光.中国近海近岸海域沉积物环境质量 [J]. 交通环保, 2000,21(3):16-18.
|
| [35] |
魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉,等.中国土壤环境背景值研究 [J]. 环境科学, 1991,12(4):12-19
|
| [36] |
辛成林,任景玲,张桂玲,等.海南东部河流,河口及近岸水域颗粒态重金属的分布及污染状况 [J]. 环境科学, 2013,34(4):1315-1323.
|
| [37] |
Hu B Q, Li J, Cui R Y, et al. Clay mineralogy of the riverine sediments of Hainan Island, South China Sea: Implications for weathering and provenance [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2014,96:84-92.
|
| [38] |
盛菊江,范德江,杨东方,等.长江口及其邻近海域沉积物重金属分布特征和环境质量评价 [J]. 环境科学, 2008,29(9):2405-2412.
|
| [39] |
马 玉,李团结,高全洲,等.珠江口沉积物重金属背景值及其污染研究 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2014,34(3):712-719.
|
| [40] |
刘淑民,姚庆祯,刘月良,等.黄河口湿地表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其影响因素 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(9):1625-1631.
|
| [41] |
Soto-Jiménez M F, Páez-Osuna F. Distribution and normalization of heavy metal concentrations in mangrove and lagoonal sediments from Mazatlán Harbor (SE Gulf of California) [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2001,53(3): 259-274.
|
| [42] |
Lee C, Fang M, Hsieh M. Characterization and distribution of metals in surficial sediments in Southwestern Taiwan [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1998,36(6):464-471.
|
| [43] |
Li X D, Wai O W H, Li Y S, et al. Heavy metal distribution in sediment profiles of the Pearl River estuary, South China [J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2000,15(5):567-581.
|
| [44] |
Wu J F, Rember R, Jin M, et al. Isotopic evidence for the source of lead in the North Pacific abyssal water [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2010,74(16):4629-4638.
|
| [45] |
Christophoridis C, Dedepsidis D, Fytianos K. Occurrence and distribution of selected heavy metals in the surface sediments of Thermaikos Gulf, N. Greece. Assessment using pollution indicators [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009,168(2):1082-1091.
|
| [46] |
Hu B Q, Li J, Zhao J T, et al. Heavy metal in surface sediments of the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea: Distribution, contamination, and sources [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2013, 185(6):5071-5083.
|
| [47] |
Wan S M, Toucanne S, Clift P D, et al. Human impact overwhelms long-term climate control of weathering and erosion in southwest China [J]. Geology, 2015,43(5):439-442.
|
| [48] |
Xu G, Liu J, Pei S F, et al. Sediment properties and trace metal pollution assessment in surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay, China [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015, 22(15):11634-11647.
|
|
|
|
