|
|
Determination and risk assessment of chloramphenicols in Panjiakou Reservoir, Hebei Province |
LU Cheng1, ZHANG Jun2, WANG Zhao2, CAO Bi-Bo1, XU Ming-Xia2, WANG Yu-Qiu1 |
1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
2. Haihe River Water Environmental Monitoring Centre, Tianjin 300170, China |
|
|
Abstract Four chloramphenicols, including chloramphenicol, thiamphnicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine, were investigated in the water from the Panjiakou Reservoir located in Hebei Province, by utilization of solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS). Electrospray ionization and multiple reactions monitoring in positive or negative ionization mode were adopted as the target compounds for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The recoveries of target compounds were all above 90%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged between 1.60% and 5.43%. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) for target compounds were in the range of 0.06~0.29ng/L and 0.18~0.87ng/L, respectively. The detected concentrations of florfenicol in the water samples were in the range of 26.21~233.35ng/L, and detected florfenicol amine were in the range 0.53~8.18ng/L. However, chloramphenicol and thiamphnicol were not detected in the water samples. Additionally, the risk assessments showed that the risk quotient (RQ) for detected antibiotics were below 1, which indicated very low risk to plankton and human health. The RQs of adult and child in wet season were over 100times higher than that in regular level, which might be caused by either the cage culture period or potential impact from water diversion in the reservoir.
|
Received: 30 November 2015
|
|
|
|
|
[1] |
Stasinakis A S, Gatidou G, Mamais D, et al. Occurrence and fate of endocrine disrupters in Greek sewage treatment plants [J]. Water Research, 2008,42(6/7):1796-1804.
|
[2] |
Batt A L, Aga D S. Simultaneous analysis of multiple classes of antibiotics by ion trap LC/MS/MS for assessing surface water and groundwater contamination [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2005,77(9): 2940-2947.
|
[3] |
Ye Z Q, Weinberg H S, Meyer M T. Trace analysis of trimethoprim and sulfonamide, macrolide, quinolone, and tetracycline antibiotics in chlorinated drinking water using liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2007,79(3):1135-1144.
|
[4] |
周宁波,李玉杰.药物分析 [M]. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2010: 166-167.
|
[5] |
Turton J A, Havard A C, Robinson S, et al. An assessment of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol in the induction of aplastic anaemia in the BALB/c mouse [J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2000,38(10):925-938.
|
[6] |
欧丹云,陈 彬,陈灿祥,等.九龙江下游河口水域抗生素及抗性细菌的分布 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(12):2243-2250.
|
[7] |
施嘉琛,胡建英,常 红,等.北京温榆河流域耐药大肠杆菌的调查研究 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2008,28(1):39-42.
|
[8] |
Kummerer K, Henninger A. Promoting resistance by the emission of antibiotics from hospitals and households into effluent [J]. Clinical Microbiology and Infection , 2003,9(12):1203-1214.
|
[9] |
Hamscher G, Pawelzick H T, Hper H, et al. Different behavior of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in sandy soils after repeated fertilization with liquid manure [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2005,24(4):861-868.
|
[10] |
梁惜梅,施 震,黄小平.珠江口典型水产养殖区抗生素的污染特征 [J]. 生态环境学报, 2013,22(2):304-310.
|
[11] |
Zhou L J, Ying G G, Zhao J L, et al. Trends in the occurrence of human and veterinary antibiotics in the sediments of the Yellow River, Hai River and Liao River in northern China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011,159(7):1877-1885.
|
[12] |
Jiang L, Hu X, Yin D, et al. Occurrence, distribution and seasonal variation of antibiotics in the Huangpu River, Shanghai, China. Chemosphere [J]. 2011,82(6):822-828.
|
[13] |
Lalumera G M, Calamari D, Galli P, et al. Preliminary investigation on the environmental occurrence and effects of antibiotics used in aquaculture in Italy [J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 54(5):661-668.
|
[14] |
Santos J L, Aparicio I, Alonso E. Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds in wastewater treatment plants. A case study: Seville city (Spain) [J]. Environment International , 2007,33(4):596-601.
|
[15] |
Zhang R, Zhang G, Zheng Q. et al. Occurrence and risks of antibiotics in the Laizhou Bay, China: Impacts of river discharge [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2012,80:208-215.
|
[16] |
Ji K, Kim S, Han S, et al. Risk assessment of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, and erythromycin in aquatic environment: are the current environmental concentrations safe? [J]. Ecotoxicology , 2012,21(7):2031-2050.
|
[17] |
王立明,刘德文.网箱养鱼对潘家口水库水质的影响分析 [J]. 河北渔业, 2008,(6):42-44,49.
|
[18] |
Domagalski J, Lin C, Luo Y, et al. Eutrophication study at the Panjiakou-Daheiting reservoir system, northern Hebei province, people's republic of China: Chlorophyll-a model and sources of phosphorus and nitrogen [J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2007,94(1-3):43-53.
|
[19] |
柴增凯,周毓彦,肖伟华,等.潘家口水库浮游植物分布特征及其富营养化防治 [J]. 水电能源科学, 2013,(3):120-123.
|
[20] |
Li N, Zhang X, Wu W, et al. Occurrence, seasonal variation and risk assessment of antibiotics in the reservoirs in North China [J]. Chemosphere, 2014,111:327-335.
|
[21] |
Gantverg A, Shishani I, Hoffman M. Determination of chloramphenicol in animal tissues and urine-Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry versus gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2003,483(1/2):125-135.
|
[22] |
Environmental Protection Agency. Methodology Document for the Ecological Structure-Activity Relationship Model (ECOSAR) Class Program [Z]. US: Risk Assessment Division of the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA/OPPT), 2012.
|
[23] |
Escher B I, Baumgartner R, Koller M, et al. Environmental toxicology and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater [J]. Water Research, 2011,45(1):75-92.
|
[24] |
European Commission. Technical Guidance Document in Support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances, Part II [Z]. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission, 2003.
|
[25] |
Cristale J, Katsoyiannis A, Sweetman A J, et al. Occurrence and risk assessment of organophosphorus and brominated flame retardants in the River Aire (UK) [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2013,179:194-200.
|
[26] |
Sanchez-Avila J, Tauler R, Lacorte S. Organic micropollutants in coastal waters from NW Mediterranean Sea: Sources distribution and potential risk [J]. Environment International, 2012,46:50-62.
|
[27] |
朱婷婷,宋战锋,尹魁浩,等.深圳西丽水库抗生素残留现状及健康风险研究 [J]. 环境污染与防治, 2014,36(5):49-53,58.
|
[28] |
U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Approaches to Screening for Risk from Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water and Prioritization for Further Evaluation [Z]. Washington, DC:U.S. EPA, Office of Water, 2008.
|
[29] |
USEPA. The Ecotoxicology Database (ECOTOX)[DB/OL]. http: //cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/ecotox_home.cfm, 2015-11-10/2015-11-17.
|
[30] |
徐力文,廖昌容,刘广峰.氟苯尼考用于水产养殖的安全性 [J]. 中国水产科学, 2005,12(4):512-518.
|
[31] |
Ok Y S, Kim S C, Kim K R, et al. Monitoring of selected veterinary antibiotics in environmental compartments near a composting facility in Gangwon Province, Korea [J]. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 2011,174(1-4):693-701.
|
|
|
|