In this study we used the Gini coefficient optimization model to optimize the allocation of carbon emission quotas in history basing on data of population, GDP and carbon emissions from 132 countries by 1901 to 2005, taking the equity of historical intergenerational and intra-generational into account. We also allocated a equitable distribution of carbon emission permits for various countries in the future. The Gini coefficient value of carbon emission quotas in history were lower than the actual value based on GDP and population from various countries, and were below 0.4 of warning value, and obtained an optimal carbon emission quotas allocation that comprehensively considered the history of various countries' GDP and population. The analysis of carbon emissions remaining quantity and the deficit quantity in history from various countries showed that the United States had the largest historical carbon deficit, India and China had the largest historical carbon remaining quantity. Meanwhile, considering the history of carbon emissions, the future carbon emission permits of various countries showed that China, India and other countries had the largest population, the economic proportion of the world were higher, and thus can get the most carbon emission permits in the future.