In August 2013, We used Y-12aircraft to carry out the experiment, which was equipped with PCASP, SMPS, AMS, CCN200, TSI-3563 type integral turbidity meter, and MAAP-5012 type Multi-angle absorption spectrophotometer from the United States and so on. For the first time,on the loess plateau that atmospheric aerosol joint observation data was obtained, in order to find the aerosol vertical distribution characteristics and optical properties. Results show that aerosol physical properties was stable, but scattering coefficient still fluctuate along with the change of meteorological conditions. the average backward scattering field of three band ratio was 0.13, the aerosol is given priority to with fine particles. Three wavelength scattering coefficient change trend was very consistent, can be thought aerosol micro physical properties basically remain unchanged in the process of detecting, but merely concentration was changed. The change tendency of the scattering coefficient and the volume concentration have almost the same change trend. The obvious positive correlation have been find between the high value area and the atmospheric humidity. Backward trajectory analysis show most of the aerosol particles originated from high altitude, from Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, gansu and shanxi transmitted over a long distance.