Mercury contents in water, sediments and Anodonta woodiana were determined to study the pollution characteristics of mercury in Hangbu-Fengle River. Single Pollution Index and Index of Geoaccumulation were used to assess ecological risks. The results showed that the total mercury concentrations in water ranged from 0.04 to 0.20μg/L, with an average of 0.10μg/L. Total mercury contents in sediments ranged from 29.13 to 251.49μg/kg, with an average of 65.42μg/kg and methyl mercury contents ranged from 0.22 to 3.31μg/kg, with an average of 0.68μg/kg. Total mercury contents in sediments (H5, H9, F2, S4 and S5) were higher than the Ⅲ-level standard of the National Surface Water Environment Quality Standard. Mercury contents in sediments of the sites (H5, H9 and F2) were partial moderate pollution and another sites (S4, S5) were mild pollution, in which industrial emission was the main pollution sources. Total mercury contents in the mussels (Anodonta woodiana) ranged from 101.34 to 171.15μg/kg (dry weight), while methyl mercury contents ranged from 54.22 to 89.63μg/kg(dry weight), and they were all lower than the GB18406.4-2001. The accumulation of mercury and methyl mercury in the mussels was obvious and the accumulation of mercury in various tissues had obvious selectivity (mantle > guts > gill and muscle). According to the correlation analysis between the contents of mercury in water, sediments and mussels, Anodonta woodiana could be used as biomarker to further verify the mercury pollution level in water and sediments.