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Sulfur isotopic compositions in yellow soil of karst small catchment-Implications for environmental processes and effects |
ZHANG Wei1,2, ZHANG Li-li2,3 |
1. School of Geography and Tourism, Guizhou Normal College, Guiyang 550018, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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Abstract Sequential extraction method for soil sulfur was used to determine δ34S values of total sulfur, SO42-, total reduced sulfur (TRS) and organic sulfur in yellow soil, aiming to discuss the transportation and transformation of sulfur and its environmental processes and effects in yellow soil. Organic sulfur was the major sulfur form in yellow soil. SO42- was the major inorganic sulfur form in yellow soil. Total reduced sulfur (TRS) had the lowest δ34S values; meanwhile the parallel increasing δ34S values of TRS and SO42- indicated the occurrence of a bacterial reduction process of sulfate in yellow soil. The δ34S values of total sulfur and organic sulfur firstly increased and then decreased with deepening of soil profiles, which can be explained by mineralization of organic sulfur and the subsequent transportation and adsorption at bottom layers of organic sulfur fractions in yellow soil profiles. The residual SO42- after biological S retention was firstly adsorbed and then desorbed; this desorbed SO42- can transport downward and was subsequently re-adsorbed and accumulated at deep soil layers. This explained the increasing δ34S values of SO42- from surface layers to middle layers and the decreasing δ34S values of SO42- from middle layers to bottom layers in yellow soil profiles. Under acid deposition, the adsorption, desorption and transportation of SO42- can result in soil acidification of yellow soil. It is noted that the deposited SO42- was retained as organic sulfur and adsorbed SO42- in yellow soil, then yellow soil may release more S into rivers by organic sulfur mineralization and desorption of the adsorbed SO42- in a long period after a large decrease in annual sulfur deposition rate. The environmental implications such as changes of soil properties and chemical compositions of river water in southwest China should be investigated in the future.
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Received: 22 January 2016
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