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Pollution and source apportionment of atmospheric fine particles in Beijing |
HAN Li-hui, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Hai-liang, CHENG Shui-yuan, WANG Hai-yan |
College of Environmental and Energy, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China |
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Abstract Aerosol samples of PM2.5 were collected in Beijing during January, April, July and October 2014, which stood for winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively, to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics, seasonal variation and formation factors of PM2.5. At the same time, source apportionment was carried out by using the positive matrix factorization analysis method. The results showed that the annual average concentration of PM2.5 reached 87.74μg/m3 in Beijing in 2014, 2.5 times as high as the national air quality standard. The PM2.5 concentrations during light and heavy pollution periods increased more than 1.5 and 3.9 times compared with normal days, respectively, and its seasonal variation was significant, with the order of winter >summer >autumn >spring. The concentrations of crustal elements, such as Mg, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti, during light and heavy pollution days were 1.1~1.2 and 1.2~1.5 times as high as those in normal days, respectively, and the concentrations of pollution elements, such as S, Pb, Zn and Cu, showed significant changes during light and heavy pollution days, with 1.3~2.7 and 1.9~5.9 times as high as those in normal days, respectively. S was the most important anthropogenic pollution element in PM2.5, and its SO42- annual average concentration was 13.43μg/m3. The concentrations of SO42- in light and heavy pollution days were 2.7 and 5.9 times higher than that in normal days, respectively. The formation of sulfate was mainly influenced by the concentration of O3, air temperature and relative humidity etc.. Higher O3 concentration, temperature and relative humility were in favor of the formation of sulfate. PM2.5 was mainly from mobile emission, coal combustion, re-suspended dust and industrial emission, which contributed to PM2.5 about 37.6%, 30.7%, 16.6% and 15.1%, respectively.
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Received: 01 March 2016
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