|
|
Estimation of coal consumption and related contamination emission in the plain area around Beijing during winter season |
ZHAO Wen-hui1,2, JIANG Lei1,2, ZHANG Li-kun1,2, LI Ling-jun1,2, ZHANG Da-wei1,2, Li Qian1,2 |
Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China;
2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing 100048, China |
|
|
Abstract The spatial pattern of bungalow areas in the plain area of Beijing was interpreted with 1.5m high resolution remote sensing images in Aug, 2015. Then, the bungalow build-up areas were refined by a combination of field sampling and the imagery interpretations. A statistical model was developed to estimate the coal consumption in bungalow areas based on statistical records of build-up areas. The coal burning emissions of particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) were estimated by the emission factors that were collected from the relative researches. The results showed that: the consumed coal weight was especially in districts of Tongzhou, where the coal consumption was 0.974million tons in Tongzhou and the coal consumption more than 0.60million tons in Shunyi and Daxing. The coal consumption in Changping and Fangshan was close to 0.50million tons. The special distribution of coal consumption showed an increasing trend from the northwest to the southeast of Beijing. The new urban development district in Beijing had the highest bungalow density; Special attention should be given to Chaoyang and Haidian mountain areas. The emissions of PM、SO2、NOx、BC、OC、CO in the plain areas of Beijing were obvious difference. The highest emissions of SO2 and NOx were in Tongzhou district, reached 3534.4 tons and 2514.0 tons, respectively.
|
Received: 11 July 2016
|
|
|
|
|
[1] |
北京市环境保护局.北京市PM2.5来源解析正式发布[EB/OL]. http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjepb/323474/331443/331937/333896/396191/index.html, 2014-04-16.
|
[2] |
张 嫣.京津冀开打散煤歼灭战,两年能否完成艰巨的任务?[EB/OL]. http://weekly.caixin.com/2016-03-04/100915858.html.2015-03-07
|
[3] |
王菲菲,王先良,刘芳盈,等.燃煤PM2.5不同组分对血管内皮细胞的氧化损伤效应 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(3):780-785.
|
[4] |
LU Z, STREETS D C, ZHANG Q, et al. Sulfur dioxide emissions in China and sulfur trends in East Asia since 2000 [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2010,(10):6311-6331.
|
[5] |
YANG F M, TAN J H, ZHAO Q, et al. Characteristics of PM2.5 speciation in representative megacities and across China [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2011,11:5207-5219.
|
[6] |
Hallquist M,Wenger J C,Baltensperger U, et al. The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2009,9(14):5155-5236.
|
[7] |
Smith K R, Ezzati M. How environmental health risk change with development: the epidemiology and environmental risk transitions revisited [J]. Annual Review of Environment and resources, 2005,30:329-333.
|
[8] |
Chen Y J, Zhi G R, Feng Y L, et al. Measurements of emission factors for carbonaceous particles from residential raw-coal combustion in China [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(20):1861-1867.
|
[9] |
陈颖军,姜晓华,支国瑞,等.我国民用燃煤的黑碳排放及控制减排 [J]. 中国科学D辑:地球科学, 2009,39(11):1554-1559.
|
[10] |
Shen G F,Tao S,Chen Y C, et al. Emission characteristics for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from solid fuels burned in domestic stoves in rural China [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013,47(24):14485-14494.
|
[11] |
Zhang W, Wei W, Hu D, et al. Emission of speculated mercury from residential biomass fuel combustion in China [J].Energy & Fuels, 2013,27:6792-6800.
|
[12] |
蔡 竟,支国瑞,陈颖军,等.中国秸秆焚烧及民用燃煤棕色碳排放的初步研究 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2014,27(5):455-461.
|
[13] |
薛亦峰,闫 静,魏小强.燃煤控制对北京市空气质量的改善分析 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2014,27(3):253-258.
|
[14] |
支国瑞,杨俊超,张 涛,等.我国北方农村生活燃煤情况调查、排放估算及政策启示 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2015,28(8):1179-1185.
|
[15] |
章永洁,蒋建云,叶建东,等.京津冀农村生活能源消费分析及燃煤减量与替代对策建议 [J]. 中国能源, 2014,36(7):39-43.
|
[16] |
庞 军,吴 健,马 中,等.我国城市天然气替代燃煤集中供暖的大气污染减排效果 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(1):55-61.
|
[17] |
柴发合,薛志刚,支国瑞,等.农村居民散煤燃烧污染综合治理对策 [J]. 环境保护, 2016,6(2):15-19.
|
[18] |
赵文慧,徐 谦,李令军,等.北京平原区城乡结合部燃煤散烧及污染物排放量估算 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2015,28(6):869-876.
|
[19] |
国家统计局工业交通统计司,国家发展和改革委员会能源局.中国能源统计年鉴:2000-2002 [M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2004:60-61.
|
[20] |
Zhi G R, Chen Y J, Feng Y L, et al. Emission characteristics of carbonaceous particles from various residential coal-stoves in China [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008,42(9): 3310-3315.
|
[21] |
Chen Y J, Sheng G Y, Bi X H, et al. Emission factors for carbonaceous particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustion in China [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005,39:1861-1867.
|
[22] |
刘 源,张元勋,魏永杰,等.民用燃煤含碳颗粒物的排放因子测量 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2007,27(9):1409-1416.
|
[23] |
Shen G F, Yang Y F, Wang W, et al. Emission factors of particulate matter and elemental carbon from crop residues and coals burned in typical household stoves in China [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010,44(18):7157-7162.
|
[24] |
国务院第一次全国污染源普查领导小组.第一次全国污染源普查城镇生活源产排污系数手册[EB/OL].2008:2-23. http://www.topsage.com.
|
[25] |
陈传敏,赵长遂,赵 毅.O2/CO2气氛下燃煤过程中SO2排放特性实验 [J]. 东南大学学报:自然科学版, 2006,36(4):546-550.
|
[26] |
DE-LA-TORRE U, PEREDA-AYO B, MOLINER M, et al. Cu-zeolite catalysts for NOx removal by selective catalytic reduction with NH3and coupled to NO storage/reduction monolith in diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment systems [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2016,187:419-427.
|
[27] |
LI Q, LI X, JIANG J, et al. Semi-coke briquettes: towards reducing emissions of primary PM2.5, particulate carbon, and carbon monoxide from household coal combustion in China [J]. Scientific Reports, 2016,6:19306.
|
[28] |
北京市统计局,国家统计局北京调查总队.北京统计年鉴: [M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2015,104.
|
[29] |
国务院.大气污染防治行动计划[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-09/12/content_2486773.htm. 2013-09-12.
|
[30] |
樊 梦,朱 蓉,朱克云,等.2015年11月京津冀持续重污染过程模拟研究 [J]. 高原山地气象研究, 2016,36(1):7-14.
|
[31] |
李令军,王占山,张大伟,等.2013~2014年北京大气重污染特征研究 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(1):27-35.
|
[32] |
苏福庆,高庆先,张志刚,等.北京边界层外来污染物输送通道 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2004,17(1):26-29.
|
|
|
|