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| The estrogenic activity release of estrone-3-sulfate in sewage based on enzyme activity analysis |
| ANG Chun, JI Zhong-xu, HU Bi-bo, ZHANG Zhen-zhen, WANG Ya-dan |
| Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China |
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Abstract Estrone (E1) and estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3-S) were the most abundant free and conjugated estrogens, respectively, in final effluent of sewage treatment works (STWs). The stable E1-3-S can release active E1via enzymatic hydrolysis given proper environmental conditions although itself exhibits limited estrogenic activity. A novel method was proposed to calculate the half-life of E1-3-S based on its reaction rate of enzymatic hydrolysis and the according arylsulfatase (AryS) activity. A field survey on AryS activity was carried out in winter, spring and summer along the sewage collection, treatment and discharge of a STWs in Chongqing, China. The mean AryS activities of the bioreactor sludge, the outfall sediments of combined system overflow (CSO) and river sediments were 417.41~941.14, 91.55~179.42and 28.11~59.64 μg p-nitro phenol/(g·h), respectively. The hydrolysis kinetics of E1-3-S in the lab at 20℃ followed the first order reaction (P<0.01), and the reaction rate Kd was positively correlated with the AryS activity in a linear model (R2=0.9774, P<0.01). Based on the AryS activities in the spring and the above linear model, the respective half-lives of E1-3-S in STWs bioreactors, CSO and river water were estimated to be 33.5, 153.0and 410h. This method could be used in the risk analysis on the release of estrogenic activity by sulfated estrogens in water environment.
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Received: 05 June 2017
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