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| Special distribution and seasonal variation of perfluoroalkyls substances in Lhasa River Basin, China |
| SUN Dian-chao1,3, GONG Ping1,2, WANG Xiao-ping1,2,3, WANG Chuan-fei1,2 |
1. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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Abstract The levels and compositions of 17 Perfluoroalkyls Substances (PFASs) were determined by UltiMate 3000DGLC-MS/MS for the first time in river water, wastewater of Lhasa, one of the highest plateau city (average elevation 3700m), during wet and dry season in 2016. Lhasa was commonly contaminated by PFASs. The average Σ13 PFASs concentration of surface water of Lhasa River was 322pg/L, ranged from 60 to 1724pg/L. The predominant PFASs were short-chain pefluorobutanoate (PFBA) (25%), perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA) (22%), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (14%), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) (14%) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) (13%). The spatial distribution of PFASs in Lhasa River revealed that the wastewater not totally assimilated into wastewater treatment plant, and Lhasa River basin was mainly polluted by point sources emission. There was a limited transform of production and use from PFOA and PFOS in Tibet. Seasonal variation of profiles and levels of PFASs in both wet and dry seasons suggested that the use and discharge schema of PFASs in Lhasa were influenced by season. The annual discharge load of PFASs from WWTP to Lhasa River was estimated to be 37mg/a, input amount of PFASs from The Lhasa River basin into YarlungZangbo River were estimated to be 292t/a. In the future, all the wastewater should be strictly incorporated into WWTP and PFASs-based product should be restrained.
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Received: 18 April 2018
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