宁东基地大气PAHs污染特征及呼吸暴露风险

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (53)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (631 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

The active sampling technique was adopted to investigate the concentration levels, profiles and spatial temporal distribution as well as the source apportionments of atmospheric PAHs in PM_2.5, PM_1.0 and gas phase. The inhalation exposure risk of local population to atmospheric PAHs was evaluated based on atmospheric observation data in Ningdong Base. The ranges of atmospheric concentration levels of ∑₁₆PAHs for PM_2.5, PM_1.0 and gas phase were 17.95~325.12ng/m³, 12.66~311.96ng/m³ and 26.33~97.88ng/m³ respectively, and the average annual concentrations were (99.42±117.48)ng/m³, (78.88±100.58)ng/m³ and (57.89±47.39)ng/m³, respectively. The spatial distributions of atmospheric PAHs levels for PM_2.5, PM_1.0 and gas phase in Baofeng site were significantly higher than that in Yinglite site for both winter and summer. The seasonal pollution characteristics indicated that ∑₁₆PAHs concentration levels were significantly higher in Baofeng site than that in Yinglite site not only in winter but in summer. Comparison of atmospheric PAHs levels in Ningdong Base with that of other cities or regions worldwide, which exhibited higher concentration levels, suggesting atmospheric PAHs pollution was more serious in Ningdong Base. Source apportionment indicated that the main emission sources of PAHs in Ningdong Base were industrial coal combustion and motor vehicle exhaust in summer, while industrial coal combustion and biomass burning in winter. The average excess inhalation cancer risks (ECR) due to human exposure to atmospheric PAHs were about 33~2628 cases per million people in Ningdong Base in winter, while 11~834 cases per million people in summer.

Key words： Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons atmospheric concen-tration levels source apportionment inhalation exposure risk

Received: 24 December 2018

PACS:

X53

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	WANG Zhan-xiang
	GUO Jiu-jiu
	MU Xi
	LI Ji-xiang
	GAO Hong
	HUANG Tao
	MA Jian-min

Cite this article:

WANG Zhan-xiang,GUO Jiu-jiu,MU Xi等. Pollution characteristics and inhalation exposure risk of atmospheric PAHs in Ningdong Base[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(7): 3102-3112.

URL:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/ OR http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/Y2019/V39/I7/3102

[1]	Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo J L. Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County, Spain.[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2004,132(1):1-11.
[2]	党天剑,陆光华,薛晨旺.西藏色季拉山公路沿线PAHs分布、来源及风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,(3):1109-1116. Dang T J, Lu G H, Xue C W. Distribution, sources and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along the highway in Shergyla Mountain in Tibet[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,(3):1109-1116.
[3]	Wang J, Chen S, Tian M, et al. Inhalation cancer risk associated with exposure to complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mix-tures in an electronic waste and urban area in south China[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2012,46(17):9745-9752.
[4]	Mao X, Yu Z, Ding Z, et al. Sources and potential health risk of gas phase PAHs in Hexi Corridor, northwest China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016,23(3):2603-2612.
[5]	Li X, Kong S, Yin Y, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric PM2.5 around 2013 Asian Youth Games period in Nanjing[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016,174-175:85-96.
[6]	倪进治,陈卫锋,杨红玉,等.福州市不同功能区土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(5):921-926. Ni J Z, Chen W F, Yang H Y, et al. Concentrations and sources of soil PAHs in various functional zones of Fuzhou City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012,32(5):921-926.
[7]	Bandowe B A, Meusel H, Huang R J, et al. PM2.5-bound oxygenated PAHs, nitro-PAHs and parent-PAHs from the atmosphere of a Chinese megacity:seasonal variation, sources and cancer risk assessment.[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014,473-474(3):77-87.
[8]	Ding Y S, Zhang L, Jain R B, et al. Levels of tobacco specific nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream smoke from different tobacco varieties[J]. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 2008,17(12):3366-3371.
[9]	Purcaro G, Moret S, Conte L S. Overview on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:occurrence, legislation and innovative determi-nation in foods[J]. Talanta, 2013,105(4):292-305.
[10]	Yu H. Environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons:photochemistry and phototoxicity[J]. Journal of Environ-mental Science and Health Part C Environmental Carcinogenesis Reviews, 2002,20(2):149-183.
[11]	王金相.西北地区典型能源工业基地排放对局地环境空气质量的影响[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2018. Wang J X. Impact of emission from typical energy industry base on local air quality in northwest China[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2018.
[12]	智静,傅泽强,陈燕,等.宁东能源(煤)化工基地物质流分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012,26(9):137-142. Zhi J, Fu Z Q, Chen Y, et al. Analysis of material metabolism for coal chemical industry base-A case of Ningdong[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012,26(9):137-142.
[13]	宁夏环境保护网[EB/OL]. http://www.nxep.gov.cn/info/2124/48136.htm. 2018-11-27. Ningxia Environmental Protection Network[EB/OL]. http://www.nxep.gov.cn/info/2124/48136.htm. 2018-11-27.
[14]	GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. GB 3095-2012 Environmental air quatity standard[S].
[15]	Zhang Y, Tao S. Global atmospheric emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 2004[J]. Atmosp-heric Environment, 2009,43(4):812-819.
[16]	宁东能源化工基地[EB/OL]. http://www.ningdong.gov.cn/. Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base[EB/OL]. http://www.ningdong.gov.cn/.
[17]	Liu J, Li J, Lin T, et al. Diurnal and nocturnal variations of PAHs in the Lhasa atmosphere, Tibetan Plateau:Implication for local sources and the impact of atmospheric degradation processing[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2013,124(5):34-43.
[18]	Pio C A, Alves C A, Duarte A C. Identification, abundance and origin of atmospheric organic particulate matter in a Portuguese rural area[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2001,35(8):1365-1375.
[19]	Yunker M B, Macdonald R W, Vingarzan R, et al. PAHs in the Fraser River basin:a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2002,33(4):489-515.
[20]	Nisbet I C, Lagoy P K. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)[J]. Regulatory Toxico-logy and Pharmacology, 1992,16(3):290.
[21]	WHO. Air quality guidelines for Europe[M]. Copenhagen, Denmark:WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2000.
[22]	Collins J F, Brown J P, Alexeeff G V, et al. Potency equivalency factors for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives[J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology Rtp, 1998,28(1):45.
[23]	Wang L, Zhao Y, Yi X, et al. Spatial distribution of atmospheric PAHs and their genotoxicity in petrochemical industrialized Lanzhou valley, northwest China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017,24(14):12820-12834.
[24]	李瑞金,耿红,蔡宗苇,等.太原市冬季PM2.5中多环芳烃、硝基多环芳烃、SO42-和NO3-的污染特征[J]. 建材技术与应用, 2014,(1):12-15. Li R J, Geng H, Cai Z W, et al. Pollution characteristics of PM2.5 PAHs, NPAHs, SO42- and NO3- in wintertime in Taiyuan city[J]. Research and Application of Building Materials, 2014,(1):12-15.
[25]	Zhang Y, Chen J, Yang H, et al. Seasonal variation and potential source regions of PM2.5-bound PAHs in the megacity Beijing, China:Impact of regional transport[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,231:329-338.
[26]	陈敏.重庆市主城区大气PM10、PM2.5中PAHs分布规律解析[D]. 重庆:西南大学, 2013. Chen M. Analysis on the distribution of PAHs in PM10 andPM2.5 in Chongqing[D]. Chongqing:Southwest University, 2013.
[27]	吴文.合肥市大气颗粒物污染特征研究[D]. 合肥:合肥工业大学, 2014. Wu W. Pollution Characteristics of atmospheric particulates in Hefei city[D]. Hefei:Hefei University of Technology, 2014.
[28]	李志刚,周志华,李少艾,等.深圳市大气中多环芳烃的污染特征与来源识别[J]. 中国环境科学, 2011,31(9):1409-1415. Li Z G, Zhou Z H, Li S A, et al. Pollutant characterization and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shenzhen atmosphere[J]. China Environmental Science, 2011,31(9):1409-1415.
[29]	Liu J, Man R, Ma S, et al. Atmospheric levels and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to PM2.5in Guangzhou, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015,100(1):134-143.
[30]	徐宏辉,徐婧莎,何俊,等.浙北地区PM2.5中多环芳烃特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(9):49-55. Xu H H, Xu J S, He J, et al. Characteristics analyses of PAHs in PM2.5 in the northern Zhejiang province[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(9):49-55.
[31]	段二红,张微微,李璇,等.石家庄市采暖期大气细颗粒物中PAHs污染特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2017,30(2):193-201. Duan E H, Zhang W W, Li X, et al. Characteristics of PAHs in fine atmospheric particulate matter in Shijiazhuang city in heating season[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2017,30(2):193-201.
[32]	Agudelo-Castañeda D M, Teixeira E C. Seasonal changes, identification and source apportionment of PAH in PM1.0[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014,96(7):186-200.
[33]	Krumal K, Mikuška P, Vecera Z. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hopanes in PM1.0aerosols in urban areas[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,67(2):27-37.
[34]	古孜扎尔×米吉提,迪丽努尔×塔力普,等.乌鲁木齐南部冬季空气中气相多环芳烃的特征[J]. 干旱环境监测, 2015,29(1):11-17. Guzizhaer M, Dilinuer T, et al. Gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in southern part of Urumqi air[J]. Arid Environmental Monitoring, 2015,29(1):11-17.
[35]	马万里,李一凡,孙德智,等.哈尔滨市大气气相中多环芳烃的研究[J]. 环境科学, 2009,30(11):3167-3172. Ma W L, Li Y F, Sun D Z, et al. Gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Harbin air[J]. Environmental Science, 2009,30(11):3167-3172.
[36]	Tao S, Liu Y N, Lang C, et al. A directional passive air sampler for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass.[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2008,156(2):435-441.
[37]	Anne Motelaymassei, Tom Harner, Mahiba Shoeib, et al. Using Passive Air Samplers To Assess Urban−Rural Trends for Persistent Organic Pollutants and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. 2. Seasonal Trends for PAHs, PCBs, and Organochlorine Pesticides[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2005,39(15):5763-5773.
[38]	Zhang J, Li J, Wang P, et al. Estimating population exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the United States Part I:Model development and evaluation[J]. Environment Inter-national, 2017,99:263-274.
[39]	Simcik M F, Eisenreich S J, Lioy P J. Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1999, 33(30):5071-5079.
[40]	刘书臻.环渤海西部地区大气中的PAHs污染[D]. 北京:北京大学, 2008. Liu S Z. Atmospheric PAH contamination in the western watershed of Bohai sea, China[D]. Beijing:Beijing University, 2008.
[41]	Dong T T, Lee B K. Characteristics, toxicity, and source appor-tionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Ulsan, Korea[J]. Chemosphere, 2009,74(9):1245-1253.
[42]	Harrison R M, Smith D J T, Luhana L. Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 1996,30(3):825-832.
[43]	Nielsen T, Jørgensen H E, Larsen J C, et al. City air pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other mutagens:occurrence, sources and health effects[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 1996,s189-190(6):41-49.
[44]	Lim L H, And R M H, Harrad S. The contribution of traffic to atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-bons[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 1999,33(33):3538-3542.
[45]	Rd L R, Baker J E. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere:a comparison of three methods.[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2003,37(9):1873-1881.
[46]	Slezakova K, Pereira M C, Reis M A, et al. Influence of traffic emissions on the composition of atmospheric particles of different sizes-Part 1:concentrations and elemental characterization[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2007,58(1):55-68.
[47]	Fang G C, Chang K F, Lu C, et al. Estimation of PAHs dry deposition and BaP toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) study at Urban, Industry Park and rural sampling sites in central Taiwan, Taichung[J]. Chemosphere, 2004,55(6):787-796.
[48]	王莉.中国西部兰州盆地多环芳烃大气污染特征及其健康风险[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2017. Wang L. The atmospheric pollution characteristics and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lanzhou valley, western China[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2017.
[49]	Khalili N R, Scheff P A, Holsen T M. PAH source fingerprints for coke ovens, diesel and, gasoline engines, highway tunnels, and wood combustion emissions[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1995,29(4):533-542.
[50]	毛潇萱.兰州盆地多环芳烃及短链氯化石蜡污染特征及风险[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2016. Mao X X. Contamination characteristics and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and short chain chlorinated paraffins in Lanzhou valley[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2016.
[51]	Reisen F, Arey J. Atmospheric reactions influence seasonal PAH and nitroPAH concentrations in the Los Angeles basin[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2005,39(1):64-73.
[52]	Nadal M, Wargent J J, Jones K C, et al. Influence of UVB radiation and temperature on photodegradation of PAHs:preliminary results[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2006,55(3):241-252.
[53]	Harner T, Su K, Genualdi S, et al. Calibration and application of PUF disk passive air samplers for tracking polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs)[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,75(4):123-128.