Particulate matters including PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were analyzed using manual determination method in the sampling sites which were situated at five inner cities of Shaan'xi province including Xi'an (XA), Weinan (WN), Tongchuan (TCH), Baoji (BJ), and Xianyang (XY) from September 4th 2017 to January 19th 2018. Carbon components and secondary organic carbon (SOC) were analyzed using thermo-optical transmission (TOT) and minimum value estimation method, respectively. Results showed the average concentrations of SOC and primary organic carbon (POC) were (7.44±5.54) and (7.04±2.59) μg/m³in the PM_2.5; (9.62±7.49) and (9.33±4.33) μg/m³ in the PM₁₀. The concentration distributions of SOC in five different sampling sites were XY > XA > WN > BJ > TCH. The SOC concentration was respectively 8.76% and 6.28% in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀; the OC proportion was respectively 48.03% and 48.09% in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. The seasonal distribution of pollutants was low in the autumn and high in the winter. SOC pollution was serious in the five inner-cities of Shaanxi Province. Results of backward trajectories clustering analysis showed that the transmission of polluted air mass is mainly local pollution, as well as northwest and northeast direction transmission in the inner-city of Shaanxi province area. Among them, the number of local contamination trajectories and the concentration were relatively high. The pollutant distributions were difference in the five cities due to low-altitude transmission, and diverse near-surface wind direction and speed. The higher SOC concentrations in the particulate matters were caused by many factors such as basin topography, high static wind frequency and low boundary layer in these inner cities. The Baoji (BJ) city was vulnerable to transport and accumulate pollutants in the northeast air mass.