植物对PFAS的富集机制研究进展

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (955 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract This review summarized the literature data, including bioaccumulation of 19 kinds of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS) by 36 plants. Exposure, transport, and bioaccumulation feature data are summarized and interpreted; the mechanism of migration and accumulation of PFAS from environmental media to plant tissues was systematically elucidated; effects of PFAS molecular structure (such as perfluorocarbon chain length and head functional group), plant physiological characteristics, and environmental factors on the bioaccumulation process were discussed. In addition, future studies of phytoremediation and combined remediation of PFAS contaminated sites were prospected. The information can be used to manage and evaluate PFAS-contaminated sites, formulate phytoremediation plans, and assess ecological and health risk of PFAS contaminated sites.

Key words： poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances PFAS plants translocation bioaccumulation

Received: 15 April 2022

PACS:

X173

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	HE Qiang
	YAN Zheng
	ZHI Yue
	QIAN Shen-hua
	WANG Xiao-ming
	CHEN Yi
	LIU Cai-hong
	CHENG Cheng
	HU Xue-bin

Cite this article:

HE Qiang,YAN Zheng,ZHI Yue等. Research progress on bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds by plants[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(11): 5395-5407.

URL:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/ OR http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/Y2022/V42/I11/5395

[1]	Krafft M P, Riess J G. Selected physicochemical aspects of poly-and perfluoroalkylated substances relevant to performance, environment and sustainability-Part one[J]. Chemosphere, 2015,129:4-19.
[2]	O'hagan D. Understanding organofluorine chemistry. An introduction to the C-F bond[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2008,37(2):308-319.
[3]	Herzke D, Olsson E, Posner S. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in consumer products in Norway-A pilot study[J]. Chemosphere, 2012,88(8):980-987.
[4]	Hekster F M, Laane R W P M, De Voogt P. Environmental and Toxicity Effects of Perfluoroalkylated Substances[J]. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol, 2003,179:99-121.
[5]	Buck R C, Franklin J, Berger U, et al. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment:Terminology, classification, and origins[J]. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2011,7(4):513-541.
[6]	Phong Vo H N, Ngo H H, Guo W, et al. Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater:A comprehensive review from sources to remediation[J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2020, 36:101391.
[7]	Sheng N, Cui R, Wang J, et al. Cytotoxicity of novel fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances to human liver cell line and their binding capacity to human liver fatty acid binding protein[J]. Archives of Toxicology, 2018,92(1):359-369.
[8]	Jusko T A, Oktapodas M, Palkovičová Murinová, L, et al. Demographic, Reproductive, and Dietary Determinants of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Concentrations in Human Colostrum[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2016,50(13):7152-7162.
[9]	Liu Z, Lu Y, Shi Y, et al. Crop bioaccumulation and human exposure of perfluoroalkyl acids through multi-media transport from a mega fluorochemical industrial park, China[J]. Environment International, 2017,106:37-47.
[10]	Lal M S, Megharaj M, Naidu R, et al. Uptake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by common home-grown vegetable plants and potential risks to human health[J]. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 2020,19:100863.
[11]	Xiao F, Simcik M F, Halbach T R, et al. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in soils and groundwater of a U.S. metropolitan area:Migration and implications for human exposure[J]. Water Research, 2015,72:64-74.
[12]	Muir D, Bossi R, Carlsson P, et al. Levels and trends of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic environment-An update[J]. Emerging Contaminants, 2019,5:240-271.
[13]	Houde M, De SilvA A O, Muir D C G, et al. Monitoring of perfluorinated compounds in aquatic biota:An updated review[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2011,45(19):7962-7973.
[14]	Cakmak S, Lukina A, Karthikeyan S, et al. The association between blood PFAS concentrations and clinical biochemical measures of organ function and metabolism in participants of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022,827:153900.
[15]	Peng L, Xu W, Zeng Q, et al. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in waste recycling workers:Distributions in paired human serum and urine[J]. Environment International, 2022,158:106963.
[16]	Herrick R L, Buckholz J, Biro F M, et al. Polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure in the Mid-Ohio River Valley, 1991~2012[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,228:50-60.
[17]	Steenland K, Kugathasan S, Barr D B. PFOA and ulcerative colitis[J]. Environmental Research, 2018,165:317-321.
[18]	Ballesteros V, Costa O, Iñiguez C, et al. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid function in pregnant women and children:A systematic review of epidemiologic studies[J]. Environment International, 2017,99:15-28.
[19]	Coakley J, Bridgen P, Mueller J, et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and perfluorinated alkyl substances in blood serum of New Zealand adults, 2011~2013[J]. Chemosphere, 2018,208:382-389.
[20]	Liu Z, Lu Y, Wang T, et al. Risk assessment and source identification of perfluoroalkyl acids in surface and ground water:Spatial distribution around a mega-fluorochemical industrial park, China[J]. Environment International, 2016,91:69-77.
[21]	Quinete N, Wu Q, Zhang T, et al. Specific profiles of perfluorinated compounds in surface and drinking waters and accumulation in mussels, fish, and dolphins from southeastern Brazil[J]. Chemosphere, 2009,77(6):863-869.
[22]	Rahman M F, Peldszus S, Anderson W B. Behaviour and fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment:A review[J]. Water Research, 2014,50:318-340.
[23]	Paterson S, Mackay D, Mcfarlane C. A model of organic chemical uptake by plants from soil and the atmosphere[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2002,28(13):2259-2266.
[24]	Tian Y, Yao Y, Chang S, et al. Occurrence and phase distribution of neutral and ionizable per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere and plant leaves around landfills:A case study in Tianjin, China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52(3):1301-1310.
[25]	胡国成,郑海,张丽娟,许振成,等.珠江三角洲土壤中全氟化合物污染特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(S1):37-42. Hu G C, Zheng H, Zhang L J, et al Contamination characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in soil from Pearl River Delta, South China[J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 2013,33(S1):37-42.
[26]	张宏娜,温蓓,张淑贞.全氟和多氟烷基化合物异构体的分析方法、环境行为和生物效应研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2019,38(1):42-50. Zhang H N, Wen B, Zhang S Z. Analytical methods, environmental behaviors and biological effects of per-and polyfluoroalkyl isomers[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019,38(1):42-50.
[27]	夏慧.全氟化合物的暴露风险及其与人体功能蛋白相互作用的研究[D]. 上海:上海交通大学, 2018. Xia H. The investigations of exposure risk of perfluorinated compounds and their interactions with human functional proteins[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2018.
[28]	Jiao X, Shi Q, Gan J. Uptake, accumulation and metabolism of PFASs in plants and health perspectives:A critical review[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021,51(23):2745-2776.
[29]	Groffen T, Rijnderd J, Van Doorn L, et al. Preliminary study on the distribution of metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including perfluoroalkylated acids (PFAS), in the aquatic environment near Morogoro, Tanzania, and the potential health risks for humans[J]. Environmental Research, 2021,192:110299.
[30]	王效举.植物修复技术在污染土壤修复中的应用[J]. 西华大学学报(自然科学版), 2019,38(1):65-70. Wang X J. Practical application of phytoremediation technology of contaminated soils[J]. Journal of Xihua Univerity(Natural Science Edition), 2019,38(1):65-70.
[31]	Sharma S, Singh B, Manchanda V K. Phytoremediation:role of terrestrial plants and aquatic macrophytes in the remediation of radionuclides and heavy metal contaminated soil and water[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015,22(2):946-962.
[32]	D. Collins C, Finnegan E. Modeling the plant uptake of organic chemicals, including the soil−air−plant pathway[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010,44(3):998-1003.
[33]	Huang D, Xiao R, Du L, et al. Phytoremediation of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances:A review on aquatic plants, influencing factors, and phytotoxicity[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 418:126314.
[34]	Huff D K, Morris L A, Sutter L, et al. Accumulation of six PFAS compounds by woody and herbaceous plants:potential for phytoextraction[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020,22(14):1538-1550.
[35]	Brusseau M L, Anderson R H, Guo B. PFAS concentrations in soils:Background levels versus contaminated sites[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,740:140017.
[36]	Xiao F, Simcik M F, GULLIVER J S. Mechanisms for removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) from drinking water by conventional and enhanced coagulation[J]. Water Research, 2013,47(1):49-56.
[37]	Nickerson A, Maizel A C, Kulkarni P R, et al. Enhanced extraction of AFFF-associated PFASs from source zone soils[J]. Environmental science & technology, 2020,54(8):4952-4962.
[38]	Eschauzier C, Beerendonk E, Scholte-Veenendaal P, et al. Impact of treatment processes on the removal of perfluoroalkyl acids from the drinking water production chain[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2012,46(3):1708-1715.
[39]	Tanaka S, Fujii S, Kunacheva C, et al. PFAA distribution in source water and their effective treatment technologies[J]. Reproductive Toxicology, 2012,33(4):588-589.
[40]	Bossi R, Strand J, Sortkjær O, et al. Perfluoroalkyl compounds in Danish wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments[J]. Environment International, 2008,34(4):443-450.
[41]	Dauchy X, Boiteux V, Colin A, et al. Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances in runoff water and wastewater sampled at a firefighter training area[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2019,76(2):206-215.
[42]	魏潇潇.三峡库区垃圾渗滤液和江水全多氟化合物赋存特征[D]. 重庆:重庆大学, 2020. Wei X X. Occurrence characteristics of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Three gorges reservoir area leachates and Yangtze river water[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing university, 2019.
[43]	Armitage J, Cousins I T, Buck R C, et al. Modeling global-scale fate and transport of perfluorooctanoate emitted from direct sources[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2006,40(22):6969-6975.
[44]	Weber A K, Barber L B, Leblanc D R, et al. Geochemical and hydrologic factors controlling subsurface transport of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances, Cape Cod, Massachusetts[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2017,51(8):4269-4279.
[45]	C hropeňová M, K arásková P, Kallenborn R, et al. Pine needles for the screening of perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) along ski tracks[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2016,50(17):9487-9496.
[46]	Scott B F, Spencer C, Martin J W, et al. Comparison of haloacetic acids in the environment of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2005,39(22):8664-8670.
[47]	García-Valcárce A I, M olero E, Escorial M C, et al. Uptake of perfluorinated compounds by plants grown in nutrient solution[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014,472:20-26.
[48]	Zhang W, Cao H, Liang Y. Plant uptake and soil fractionation of five ether-PFAS in plant-soil systems[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,771:144805.
[49]	李德志,李经纶,秦艾丽.用禾本科植物富集修复土壤重金属污染的方法:中国, 103071669[P]. 2013-05-01. Li D Z, Li J L, Qin A L. A method for remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil by enrichment of gramineous plants[P]. 2013-05-01.
[50]	沈源源,腾应,骆永明,等.几种豆科、禾本科植物对多环芳烃复合污染土壤的修复[J]. 土壤, 2011,43(2):253-257. Shen Y Y, Teng Y, Luo Y M et al. Remediation efficiency of several legumes and grasses in PAH-contaminated soils[J]. Soils, 2011, 43(2):253-257.
[51]	许端平,董天骄,吕俊佳.典型禾本科植物对石油污染土壤的修复作用[J]. 环境工程学报, 2012,6(4):1398-1402. Xu D P, Dong T J, Lv J J. Remediation of petroleum contaminated soil by typical gramineous plants[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2012,6(4):1398-1402.
[52]	Gobelius L, Lewis J, Ahrens L. Plant uptake of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances at a contaminated fire training facility to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of various plant species[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2017,51(21):12602-12610.
[53]	Wang T T, Ying G G, He L Y, et al. Uptake mechanism, subcellular distribution, and uptake process of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid by wetland plant Alisma orientale[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,733:139383.
[54]	Pi N, Ng J Z, Kelly B C. Uptake and elimination kinetics of perfluoroalkyl substances in submerged and free-floating aquatic macrophytes:Results of mesocosm experiments with Echinodorus horemanii and Eichhornia crassipes[J]. Water Research, 2017,117:167-174.
[55]	Wang T T, Ying G G, Shi W J, et al. Uptake and translocation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) by wetland plants:Tissue-and cell-level distribution visualization with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) and transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS)[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2020,54(10):6009-6020.
[56]	Gredelj A, Nicoletto C, Polesello S, et al. Uptake and translocation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in hydroponically grown red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.):Growth and developmental toxicity, comparison with growth in soil and bioavailability implications[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,720:137333.
[57]	Mudumbi J B N, Daso A P, Okonkwo O J, et al. Propensity of Tagetes erecta L., a medicinal plant commonly used in diabetes management, to accumulate perfluoroalkyl substances[J]. Toxics, 2019,7(1):18.
[58]	Zhang D Q, Wang M, He Q, et al. Distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic plant-based systems:From soil adsorption and plant uptake to effects on microbial community[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020,257:113575.
[59]	Chen Y C, Lo S L, Lee Y C. Distribution and fate of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in a pilot constructed wetland[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2012,37(1-3):178-184.
[60]	Wilkinson J L, Hooda P S, Swinden J, et al. Spatial (bio)accumulation of pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, plasticisers, perfluorinated compounds and metabolites in river sediment, aquatic plants and benthic organisms[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,234:864-875.
[61]	Li X Q, Hua Z L, Wu J Y, et al. Removal of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in constructed wetlands:Considerable contributions of submerged macrophytes and the microbial community[J]. Water Research, 2021,197:117080.
[62]	Zhang D, Zhang W, Liang Y. Distribution of eight perfluoroalkyl acids in plant-soil-water systems and their effect on the soil microbial community[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,697:134146.
[63]	Wen B, Li L, Zhang H, et al. Field study on the uptake and translocation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in biosolids-amended soils[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014,184:547-554.
[64]	Felizeter S, Mclachlan M S, De Voogt P. Root uptake and translocation of perfluorinated alkyl acids by three hydroponically grown crops[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014,62(15):3334-3342.
[65]	伍兆诚,王少锐,江龙飞,等.全氟羧酸化合物在氟化工园区土壤-植物中的分布及组成特征[J]. 地球化学, 2021,50(5):525-535. WU Z C, Wang S R, Jiang L F. Distribution and composition of perfluorocarboxylic acid substances in the soil-plant system around a fluorochemical manufacturing park[J]. GEOCHIMICA, 2021,50(5):525-535.
[66]	Felizeter S, Jürling H, Kotthoff M. Influence of soil on the uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids by lettuce:A comparison between a hydroponic study and a field study[J]. Chemosphere, 2020,(260):127608.
[67]	Ghisi R, Vamerali T, Manzetti S. Accumulation of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in agricultural plants:A review[J]. Environmental Research, 2019,169:326-341.
[68]	Lesmeister L, Lange F T, Breuer J, et al. Extending the knowledge about PFAS bioaccumulation factors for agricultural plants-A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,766:142640.
[69]	Houtz E F, Higgins C P, Field J A, et al. Persistence of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2013,47(15):8187-8195.
[70]	Mejia-Avendaño S, Zhi Y, Yan B, et al. Sorption of polyfluoroalkyl surfactants on surface soils:Effect of molecular structures, soil properties, and solution chemistry[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2020,54(3):1513-1521.
[71]	Higgins C P, LuthyR G. Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants on sediments[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2006,40(23):7251-7256.
[72]	Zhi Y, Liu J. Column chromatography approach to determine mobility of fluorotelomer sulfonates and polyfluoroalkyl betaines[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019,683:480-488.
[73]	Zhi Y, Liu J. Sorption and desorption of anionic, cationic and zwitterionic polyfluoroalkyl substances by soil organic matter and pyrogenic carbonaceous materials[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018,346:682-691.
[74]	Li Y, Oliver D P, Kookana R S. A critical analysis of published data to discern the role of soil and sediment properties in determining sorption of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,628:110-120.
[75]	Wei; C, Song X, Wang Q, et al. Influence of coexisting Cr(VI) and sulfate anions and Cu(II) on the sorption of F-53B to soils[J]. Chemosphere, 2019,216:507-515.
[76]	Wen B, Li L, Zhang H, et al. Field study on the uptake and translocation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in biosolids-amended soils[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014,184:547-554.
[77]	Wen B, Li L, Liu Y, et al. Mechanistic studies of perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid uptake by maize (Zea mays L. cv. TY2)[J]. Plant and Soil, 2013,370(1/2):345-354.
[78]	Niko G. Casparian strips[J]. Current Biology, 2013,23(23):R1025-R1026.
[79]	Collins C, Fryer M, Grosso A. Plant uptake of non-ionic organic chemicals[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2006,40(1):45-52.
[80]	Zhan X H, Ma H L X et al, Zhou L. Accumulation of phenanthrene by roots of intact wheat(Triticum Acstivnm L.) seedlings:Passive or active uptake?[J]. BMC Plant Biol, 2010,10:52.
[81]	Yu P F, Xiang L, Li X H, et al. Cultivar-dependent accumulation and translocation of perfluorooctanesulfonate among lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars grown on perfluorooctanesulfonate-contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018,66(50):13096-13106.
[82]	Zhang L, Sun H, Wang Q et al. Uptake mechanisms of perfluoroalkyl acids with different carbon chain lengths (C2-C8) by wheat (Triticum acstivnm L.)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,654:19-27.
[83]	Sima M W, Jaffé P R. A critical review of modeling poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the soil-water environment[J]. Science of the Total Environment., 2021,757:143793.
[84]	Zhang W, Zhang D, Zagorevski D v., et al. Exposure of Juncus effusus to seven perfluoroalkyl acids:Uptake, accumulation and phytotoxicity[J]. Chemosphere, 2019,233:300-308.
[85]	Liu Y, Hou X, Chen W, et al. Occurrences of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in tree bark:Interspecies variability related to chain length[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,689:1388-1395.
[86]	王团团,李贝贝,王赛.泽泻(Alisma orientale)对全氟化合物的吸收和传输特征-浓度的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(12):5394-5400. WANG T T, Li B B, Wang S. Concentration-dependent accumulation and translocation of PFASs by wetland plant Alisma orientale [J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(12):5394-5400.
[87]	Blaine A C, Rich C D, Hundal L S, et al. Uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids into edible crops via land applied biosolids:Field and greenhouse studies[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2013, 47(24):14062-14069.
[88]	Limmer M A, Burken J G. Plant Translocation of organic compounds:Molecular and physicochemical predictors[J]. Environmental Science and Technology Letters, 2014,1(2):156-161.
[89]	Blaine A C, Rich C D, Sedlacko E M, et al. Perfluoroalkyl acid uptake in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) irrigated with reclaimed water[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014,48(24):14361-14368.
[90]	Felizeter S, Mclachlan M S, De Voogt P. Uptake of perfluorinated alkyl acids by hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa)[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2012,46(21):11735-11743.
[91]	Krippner J, Falk S, Brunn H, et al. Accumulation potentials of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in maize (Zea mays)[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015,63(14):3646-3653.
[92]	Krippner J, Brunn H, Falk S, et al. Effects of chain length and pH on the uptake and distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances in maize (Zea mays)[J]. Chemosphere, 2014,94:85-90.
[93]	Wen B, Wu Y, Zhang H, et al. The roles of protein and lipid in the accumulation and distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in plants grown in biosolids-amended soils[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,216:682-688.
[94]	Lechner M, Knapp H. Carryover of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from soil to plant and distribution to the different plant compartments studied in cultures of carrots (Daucus carota ssp. Sativus), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), and cucumbers (Cucumis Sativus)[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011,59(20):11011-11018.
[95]	Müller C E, LeFevre G H, Timofte A E, et al. Competing mechanisms for perfluoroalkyl acid accumulation in plants revealed using an Arabidopsis model system[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2016,35(5):1138-1147.
[96]	Blaine A C, Rich C D, Sedlacko E M, et al. Perfluoroalkyl acid distribution in various plant compartments of edible crops grown in biosolids-amended soils[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014,48(14):7858-7865.
[97]	Stahl T, Heyn J, Thiele H, et al. Carryover of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from soil to plants[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009,57(2):289-298.
[98]	Madikizela L M, Ncube S, Chimuka L. Uptake of pharmaceuticals by plants grown under hydroponic conditions and natural occurring plant species:A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018:477-486.
[99]	王团团.湿地植物对全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的累积特征和吸收机制研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2020. Wang T T. Accumulation characteristics and uptake mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in wetland plants[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2020.
[100]	Zhan X, Liang X, Xu G, et al. Influence of plant root morphology and tissue composition on phenanthrene uptake:Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2013,179:294-300.
[101]	Jeon J, Kannan K, Lim B J, et al. Effects of salinity and organic matter on the partitioning of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAs) to clay particles[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2011,13(6):1803-1810.
[102]	Zhao H, Qu B, Guan Y, et al. Influence of salinity and temperature on uptake of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) by hydroponically grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. SpringerPlus, 2016,5(1):541-548.
[103]	Ghisi R, Vamerali T, Manzetti S. Accumulation of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in agricultural plants:A review[J]. Environmental Research, 2019,169:326-341.
[104]	Liu M, Tian S, Chen P, et al. Predicting the bioavailability of sediment-associated polybrominated diphenyl ethers using a 45-d sequential Tenax extraction[J]. Chemosphere, 2011,85(3):424-431.
[105]	Xu Y, Gan J, Wang Z, et al. Effect of aging on desorption kinetics of sediment-associated pyrethroids[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2008,27(6):1293-1301.
[106]	Higgins C P, Luthy R G. Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants on sediments[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2006,40(23):7251-7256.
[107]	Zhang J, He M, Shi Y. Comparative sorption of benzo[α]phrene to different humic acids and humin in sediments[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009,166(2/3):802-809.
[108]	Zhao L, Zhu L, Yang L, et al. Distribution and desorption of perfluorinated compounds in fractionated sediments[J]. Chemosphere, 2012,88(11):1390-1397.