|
|
Green for labor: Environmental regulation and employment of heavy polluting enterprises——Based on the green technology innovation in the whole production process |
QIN Bing-tao1,2, YANG Kun1, GE Li-ming3,4 |
1. School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; 2. Regional and Urban Development Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; 3. School of Urban and Regional Sciences, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China; 4. Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 259772, Singapore |
|
|
Abstract Based on the data of listed companies in China's A-share heavily polluting industries from 2008 to 2020, this paper empirically examined the impact and mechanism of environmental regulation on employment. The research found that environmental regulation adversely impacted the employment of enterprises, and this result was valid after a series of robustness tests and control of endogenous problems. However, the mechanism analysis revealed that environmental regulation could carry out green technological innovation which alleviated the contradiction between environmental protection and employment. In the heterogeneity analysis, it was found that the adverse impact of environmental regulation on enterprise employment mainly affects non-state-owned enterprises, low-educated people and enterprises in the central region. Furthermore, the research found that the changes in the production process weakened the adverse impact of environmental regulation on enterprise employment. On the contrary, the increase of R&D investment aggravated this negative impact which is not significantly affected by end-of-pipe innovation.
|
Received: 28 July 2022
|
|
|
|
|
[1] |
秦炳涛,余润颖,葛力铭.环境规制对资源型城市产业结构转型的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(7):3427-3440. Qin B T, Yu R Y, Ge L M. The impact of environmental regulation on the transformation of industrial structure of resource-based cities[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(7):3427-3440.
|
[2] |
张彩云,王勇,李雅楠.生产过程绿色化能促进就业吗——来自清洁生产标准的证据[J]. 财贸经济, 2017,(3):131-146. Zhang C Y, Wang Y, Li Y N. Can green production process promote employment:Evidence from cleaner production standards[J]. Finance and Trade Economy, 2017,(3):131-146.
|
[3] |
Curtis E. Who loses under cap-and-trade programs? The labor market effects of the nox budget trading program[J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2018,100(1):151-166.
|
[4] |
蒯鹏,时玉勤,陶爱萍,等.基于制造业及劳动力异质性的环境规制就业效应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(8):3934-3943. Kuai P, Shi Y Q, Tao A P, Wu L. Employment effect of environmental regulation based on manufacturing industry and labor heterogeneity[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(8):3934-3943.
|
[5] |
崔广慧,姜英兵.政府环保处罚影响企业劳动力需求吗?——基于制造业上市公司的经验证据[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2021,(11):78-88. Cui G H, Jiang Y B. Do government environmental protection penalties affect the labor demand of enterprises?——Empirical evidence based on listed manufacturing companies[J]. China's Population, Resources and Environment, 2021,(11):78-88.
|
[6] |
Orlitzky M, Schmidt F L, Rynes S L. Corporate Social and Financial Performance:A Meta-Analysis[J]. Organ Stud, 2003,24(3):403-41.
|
[7] |
张艳,郑贺允,葛力铭.资源型城市可持续发展政策对碳排放的影响[J]. 财经研究, 2022,48(1):49-63. Zhang Y, Zheng H Y, Ge L M. The impact of sustainable development policies on carbon emissions in resource-based cities[J]. Financial Research, 2022,48(1):49-63.
|
[8] |
Bezdek R H, Wendling R M. Potential long-term impacts of changes in US vehicle fuel efficiency standards[J]. Energy Policy, 2005,33(3):407-419.
|
[9] |
Berman E, Bui L T M. Environmental regulation and labor demand:Evidence from The South Coast Air Basin[J]. Journal of Public Economics, 2001,79(2):265-295.
|
[10] |
赵连阁,钟搏,王学渊.工业污染治理投资的地区就业效应研究[J]. 中国工业经济, 2014,(5):70-82. Zhao L G, Zhong B, Wang X Y. Research on regional employment effect of industrial pollution control investment[J]. China Industrial Economy, 2014,(5):70-82.
|
[11] |
李梦洁.环境规制、行业异质性与就业效应——基于工业行业面板数据的经验分析[J]. 人口与经济, 2016,(1):66-77. Li M J. Environmental regulation, industry heterogeneity and employment effects:An empirical analysis based on industrial panel data[J]. Population and Economy, 2016,(1):66-77.
|
[12] |
朱金生,李蝶.技术创新是实现环境保护与就业增长"双重红利"的有效途径吗?——基于中国34个工业细分行业中介效应模型的实证检验[J].中国软科学, 2019,(8):1-13. Zhu J S, Li D. Is technological innovation an effective way to realize the "double dividend" of environmental protection and employment growth?——An empirical test based on the mediation effect model of 34industrial sub-sectors in China[J]. Soft Science, 2019,(8):1-13.
|
[13] |
宋德勇,毕道俊.技术创新能否实现环保与就业的"双,重红利"——基于285个地级市面板数据的实证检验[J]. 经济问题探索, 2021, (9):55-66. Song D Y, Bi D J. Can technological innovation realize the "double and double dividends" of environmental protection and employment-an empirical test based on panel data of 285prefecture-level cities[J]. Exploration of Economic Issues, 2021,(9):55-66.
|
[14] |
Porter M E. America's Green Strategy[J]. Scientific American, 1991,264(4):168-264.
|
[15] |
Yuan B, Ren S, Chen X. Can environmental regulation promote the coordinated development of economy and environment in China's manufacturing industry? A panel data analysis of 28 sub-sectors[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017,149:11-24.
|
[16] |
郭进.环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响——"波特效应"的中国证据[J]. 财贸经济, 2019,(3):147-160. Guo J. The impact of environmental regulation on green technology innovation:Chinese evidence of the "Porter effect"[J]. Finance and Trade Economy, 2019,(3):147-160.
|
[17] |
Song M, Xie Q, Wang S, et al. Intensity of environmental regulation and environmentally biased technology in the Employment market[J]. Omega, 2020,100:102-201.
|
[18] |
张平,张鹏鹏,蔡国庆.不同类型环境规制对企业技术创新影响比较研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2016,(4):8-13. Zhang P, Zhang P P, Cai G Q. A comparative study on the impact of different types of environmental regulations on technological innovation of enterprises[J]. China's Population, Resources and Environment, 2016,(4):8-13.
|
[19] |
Adam B J. Environmental regulation and the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing:What does the evidence tell us[J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 1995,33(1):132-163.
|
[20] |
Demirel P, Kesidou E. Stimulating different types of eco-innovation in the UK:Government policies and firm motivations[J]. Ecological Economics, 2011,70:1546-1577.
|
[21] |
黄解宇,孙维峰,杨朝晖.创新的就业效应分析——基于中国上市公司微观数据的实证研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2013,(11):161-169. Huang J Y, Sun W F, Yang Z H. Analysis of the employment effect of innovation:An empirical study based on the micro data of Chinese listed companies[J]. China Soft Science, 2013,(11):161-169.
|
[22] |
Frondel M, Horbach J, Rennings K. End-of-Pipe or leaner production? An empirical comparison of environmental innovation decisions across OECD countries[J]. Business Strategy and the Environment, 2007,16(8):571-584.
|
[23] |
毕克新,杨朝均,黄平.FDI对我国制造业绿色工艺创新的影响研究——基于行业面板数据的实证分析[J]. 中国软科学, 2011,(9):172-180. Bi K X, Yang C J, Huang P. Research on the impact of FDI on green process innovation in my country's manufacturing industry:an empirical analysis based on industry panel data[J]. China Soft Science, 2011,(9):172-180.
|
[24] |
刘伟明.环境污染的治理路径与可持续增长:"末端治理"还是"源头控制"?[J]. 经济评论, 2014,(6):41-53,77. Liu W M. Governance path of environmental pollution and sustainable growth:"End Treatment" or "Source Control"?[J]. Economic Review, 2014,(6):41-53,77.
|
[25] |
闫文娟,郭树龙.中国环境规制如何影响了就业——基于中介效应模型的实证研究[J]. 财经论丛, 2016,(10):105-112. Yan W J, Guo S L. How China's environmental regulation affects employment:An empirical study based on the mediating effect model[J]. Finance and Economics, 2016,(10):105-112.
|
[26] |
Liu M, Zhang B, Geng Q. Corporate pollution control strategies and labor demand:Evidence from China's manufacturing sector[J]. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2018,53:298-326.
|
[27] |
Getzner M. The quantitative and qualitative impacts of clean technologies on employment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2001, (10):305-319.
|
[28] |
王珍愚,曹瑜,林善浪.环境规制对企业绿色技术创新的影响特征与异质性——基于中国上市公司绿色专利数据[J].:科学学研究, 2021,(5):909-919,929. Wang Z Y, Cao Y, Lin S L. Influence characteristics and heterogeneity of environmental regulation on enterprise green technology innovation:Based on the green patent data of Chinese listed companies[J]. Science Research, 2021,(5):909-919,929.
|
[29] |
闫文娟,王亚妮,郭树龙,等.企业环保投资是否影响了就业吸纳?——基于资源型上市企业的经验证据[J]. 软科学, 2022,(2):50-56. Yan W J Wang Y N, Guo S L, Chen Y N. Does corporate environmental protection investment affect employment absorption?——Based on empirical evidence of resource-based listed companies[J]. Soft Science, 2022,(2):50-56.
|
[30] |
Rijal B, Khanna N. High priority violations and intra firm pollution substitution[J]. Journal of environmental economics and management, 2020,103:1-23.
|
[31] |
李青原,肖泽华.异质性环境规制工具与企业绿色创新激励——来自上市企业绿色专利的证据[J]. 经济研究, 2020,(9):192-208. Li Q Y, Xiao Z H. Heterogeneous environmental regulation tools and corporate green innovation incentives:Evidence from green patents of listed companies[J]. Economic Research, 2020,(9):192-208.
|
[32] |
李园园,李桂华,邵伟,等.政府补助、环境规制对技术创新投入的影响[J]. 科学学研究, 2019,(9):1694-1701. Li Y Y, Li G H, Shao W, et al. The impact of government subsidies and environmental regulation on investment in technological innovation[J]. Science Research, 2019,(9):1694-1701.
|
[33] |
赖小东,詹伟灵.企业绿色技术创新内涵及影响机理评述[J]. 科技和产业, 2021,(10):320-327. Lai X D, Zhan W L. A Review of the connotation and influence mechanism of enterprise green technology innovation[J]. cience and Technology and Industry, 2021,(10):320-327.
|
[34] |
龙硕,胡军.政企合谋视角下的环境污染:理论与实证研究[J]. 财经研究, 2014,(10):131-144. Long S, Hu J. Environmental pollution from the perspective of government-enterprise collusion:theoretical and empirical research[J]. Finance and Economics Research, 2014,(10):131-144.
|
[35] |
彭星,李斌.不同类型环境规制下中国工业绿色转型问题研究[J]. 财经研究, 2016,(7):134-144. Peng X, Li B. Research on China's industrial green transformation under different types of environmental regulation[J]. Finance and Economics Research, 2016,(7):134-144.
|
[36] |
陈媛媛,李坤望.中国工业行业SO2排放强度因素分解及其影响因素——基于FDI产业前后向联系的分析[J]..管理世界, 2010,(3):14-21. Chen Y Y, Li K W. Factor decomposition of SO2 emission intensity in China's industrial industry and its influencing factors:An analysis based on the forward and backward linkages of FDI industry[J]. Management World, 2010,(3):14-21.
|
|
|
|