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| Efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole by ascorbic acid modified Mn3O4 via peroxymonosulfate activation |
| CHEN Jing1,2, SONG Bing-hao1,2, ZHU Lei2,3,4, CHEN Hong1,2, ZHANG Jie2,3,4, JIANG Heng2,3,4, YU Han-bo1,2, CHU Kun1,2, LIU Zi-dan1,2 |
1. School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China;
3. Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design, Planning and Research Co, Ltd. Changsha 410007, China;
4. Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Dongting Lake Flood Control and Water Resources Protection, Changsha 410007, China |
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Abstract A new ascorbic acid modified Mn3O4 (AA-MO) was fabricated by a hydrothermal-ultrasonic method. The sample's physical and chemical properties were characteristiced by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XPS. AA-MO was utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. The results depicted that the SMX degradation efficiency was firstly increased and then decreased in the pH range of 2.0~10.0, and the AA-MO/PMS system exhibited the best catalytic performance in the neutral environment. The increase of PMS concentration and catalyst dosage could both significantly promote the degradation of SMX. Compared with MO, AA-MO displayed a more stable catalytic performance after 3 cycles through reusability experiments. SO4•− was the main active species in the SMX degradation process by scavenging experiments. The electron transfer reactions between AA-MO and PMS could generate free radicals to remove SMX, and the oxidation resistance of AA could maintain the high catalytic performance of MO. Six possible degradation intermediates were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. In the three proposed degradation pathways, SMX was degraded by ring opening, S-N bond breaking, hydroxylation and oxidation. The toxicity threshold of SMX was calculated by ECOSAR model and ecotoxicity analysis was performed, while the toxicity of products P2, P5 and P7 should be concerned.
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Received: 08 May 2023
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