|
|
|
| Effects of sludge biochar on the long-term stability of aerobic granular sludge in low C/N wastewater |
| LI Jun, WEI Xin, DENG Yong-chun, DUAN Wen-yan, CHEN Fang-yuan |
| Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Aerobic granular sludge technology is a promising biological method for wastewater treatment. Sludge biochar was used as a carrier to cultivate aerobic granular sludge, and the subsequent long-term operational stability of the mature aerobic granules was investigated under the condition of carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) from 10 to 4. The results showed that the mature aerobic granular sludge carried by biochar was more compact in structure and not easy to disintegrate. The aerobic granular sludge had good settling ability with SVI30 of 50mL/g and performances with the removal efficiency of COD and TN more than 90% and around 70%, respectively, through the whole operation period, although they were suffered from strong proliferation of filamentous Thiothrix. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the aerobic granular sludge carried by the sludge biochar had lower microbial diversity, but they had higher dominance of denitrification functional genera, which enhanced their nitrogen removal performance. Overall, our study demonstrated that adding sludge biochar to cultivate aerobic granular sludge may improve nitrogen removal performance and the long-term operational stability of the system, which is favorable for the treatment of high ammonia-nitrogen wastewater under low C/N conditions.
|
|
Received: 09 September 2023
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Mahne I, Prinčič A, Megušar F. Nitrification/denitrification in nitrogen high-strength liquid wastes[J]. Water Research, 1996,30(9):2107-2111.
[2] Sheng G P, Li A J, Li X Y, et al. Effects of seed sludge properties and selective biomass discharge on aerobic sludge granulation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010,160(1):108-114.
[3] Yan Z, Pijuan M, Yuan Z. Development of a 2-sludge, 3-stage system for nitrogen and phosphorous removal from nutrient-rich wastewater using granular sludge and biofilms[J]. Water Research, 2008,42(12):3207-3217.
[4] Liu Y Q, Tay J H. Fast formation of aerobic granules by combining strong hydraulic selection pressure with overstressed organic loading rate[J]. Water Research, 2015,80:256-266.
[5] Xu J, Pang H L, He J G, et al. Enhanced aerobic sludge granulation by applying carbon fibers as nucleating skeletons[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019,373:946-954.
[6] Liu Z, Liu Y J, Kuschk P, et al. Poly aluminum chloride (PAC) enhanced formation of aerobic granules:Coupling process between physicochemical-biochemical effects[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016,284:1127-1135.
[7] Zhe L, Lz A, Fl A, et al. Impact of Al-based coagulants on the formation of aerobic granules:Comparison between poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate (AS)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,685:74-84.
[8] Pronk M, De Kreuk M K, De Bruin B, et al. Full scale performance of the aerobic granular sludge process for sewage treatment[J]. Water Research, 2015,84:207-217.
[9] De Kreuk M K, Van Loosdrecht M C M. Selection of slow growing organisms as a means for improving aerobic granular sludge stability[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2004,49(11/12):9-17.
[10] Wu D, Zhang Z M, Yu Z D, et al. Optimization of F/M ratio for stability of aerobic granular process via quantitative sludge discharge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018,252:150-156.
[11] Schulz H, Glaser B. Effects of biochar compared to organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and plant growth in a greenhouse experiment[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2012, 175(3):410-422.
[12] Ming J, Wang Q, Yoza B A, et al. Bioreactor performance using biochar and its effect on aerobic granulation[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019,300(5):122620.
[13] Zhang X, Liu Y, Li J, et al. Enhancing effects of sludge biochar on aerobic granular sludge for wastewater treatment[J]. Processes, 2022,10(11):2385.
[14] Yang S F, Tay J H, Liu Y. Inhibition of free ammonia to the formation of aerobic granules[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2004,17(1):41-48.
[15] 赵阳丽.好氧颗粒污泥的形成与运行稳定性的研究[D]. 兰州:兰州理工大学, 2012. Zhao L Y. Study on the formation and operational stability of aerobic granular sludge[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Science and Technology, 2012.
[16] Luo J H, Hao T W, Wei L, et al. Impact of influent COD/N ratio on disintegration of aerobic granular sludge[J]. Water Research, 2014, 62:127-135.
[17] Liu Y, Yang S F, Tay J H. Improved stability of aerobic granules by selecting slow-growing nitrifying bacteria[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2004,108(2):161-169.
[18] 毛世超,王燕萍,陈芳媛.低碳氮比废水好氧颗粒污泥系统稳定性及微生物种群多样性研究[J]. 环境化学, 2021,40(3):904-913. Mao S C,Wang Y P,Chen F Y. Stability of aerobic granular sludge system and microbial population diversity in low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021,40(3):904-913.
[19] Vu N T, Ngo T H, Nguyen T T, et al. Performances of coffee husk biochar addition in a lab-scale SBR system for treating low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater[J]. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2023,13(6):5273-5282.
[20] Clescerl L S. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 20th Ed[M]. APHA, 1998.
[21] Ma C, Jin R C, Yang G F, et al. Impacts of transient salinity shock loads on Anammox process performance[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012,112:124-130.
[22] Sheng G P, Zhang M L, Yu H Q. Characterization of adsorption properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sludge[J]. Colloids and Surfaces B-Biointerfaces, 2008,62(1):83-90.
[23] Chen C, Ming J, Yoza B A, et al. Characterization of aerobic granular sludge used for the treatment of petroleum wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019,271:353-359.
[24] Bradford M M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J]. Anal Biochem, 1976,72:248-254.
[25] Frolund B, Griebe T, Nielsen P H. Enzymatic activity in the activated-sludge floc matrix[J]. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 1995,43(4):755-61.
[26] 杨其学,石先阳.Fe3+对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响及硝化特性研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2021,47(7):74-79. Yang Q X, Shi X Y. Effects of Fe3+ on aerobic granular sludge formation and nitrification characteristics[J]. Water Treatment Technology, 2021,47(7):74-79.
[27] Martinez F, Lema J, Mendez R, et al. Role of exopolymeric protein on the settleability of nitrifying sludges[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2004,94(1):43-48.
[28] Wang F, Liu Y, Song X, et al. Correlation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentration and the sludge characteristics in the process of granular sludge breaking-reformulation under coagulation conditions[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2013,32(12):2233-2242.
[29] He Q, Zhang J, Gao S, et al. A comprehensive comparison between non-bulking and bulking aerobic granular sludge in microbial communities[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019,294:122151.
[30] Chen M Y, Lee D J, Tay J H. Distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic granules[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2007,73(6):1463-1469.
[31] Tay J H, Liu Q S, Liu Y. The role of cellular polysaccharides in the formation and stability of aerobic granules[J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2001,33(3):222-226.
[32] Nia S Q, Sun N, Yang H L, et al. Distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in anammox granules and their important roles during anammox granulation[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2015,101:126-133.
[33] Su J F, Zhang Y M, Liang D H, et al. Performance and microbial community of an immobilized biofilm reactor (IBR) for Mn(II)-based autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019,286:121407.
[34] Zhong Z X, Wu X H, Gao L, et al. Efficient and microbial communities for pollutant removal in a distributed-inflow biological reactor (DBR) for treating piggery wastewater[J]. Rsc Advances, 2016,6(98):95987-95998.
[35] Zhao Y P, Liu S F, Jiang B, et al. Genome-centered metagenomics analysis reveals the symbiotic organisms possessing ability to cross-feed with anammox bacteria in anammox consortia[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,52(19):11285-11296.
[36] Zhang Z, Liu S. Insight into the overconsumption of ammonium by anammox consortia under anaerobic conditions[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2014,117(6):1830-1838.
[37] Staley J T, Bouzek H, Jenkins C. Eukaryotic signature proteins of Prosthecobacter dejongeii and Gemmata sp. Wa-1as revealed by in silico analysis[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2005,243(1):9-14.
[38] Kartal B, Kuenen J G, Van Loosdrecht M C M. Sewage Treatment with Anammox[J]. Science, 2010,328(5979):702-703.
[39] Hosokawa S, Kuroda K, Narihiro T, et al. Cometabolism of the Superphylum Patescibacteria with Anammox Bacteria in a Long-Term Freshwater Anammox Column Reactor[J]. Water, 2021,13(2):208.
[40] Fan Z W, Zeng W, Meng Q A, et al. Achieving partial nitrification, enhanced biological phosphorus removal and in-situ fermentation (PNPRF) in continuous-flow system and mechanism analysis at transcriptional level[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021,428(7):131098.
[41] Ye J, Zhao B, An Q, et al. Nitrogen removal by Providencia rettgeri strain YL with heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification[J]. Environmental Technology, 2016,37(17):2206-2213.
[42] Guo Y Y, Peng Y Z, Wang B, et al. Achieving simultaneous nitrogen removal of low C/N wastewater and external sludge reutilization in a sequencing batch reactor[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016,306:925-932.
[43] Swiatczak P, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A. Performance and microbial characteristics of biomass in a full-scale aerobic granular sludge wastewater treatment plant[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018,25(2):1655-1669.
[44] Seviour T W, Lambert L K, Pijuan M, et al. Selectively inducing the synthesis of a key structural exopolysaccharide in aerobic granules by enriching for Candidatus "Competibacter phosphatis"[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011,92(6):1297-1305.
[45] Lv X M, Shao M F, Li C L, et al. A comparative study of the bacterial community in denitrifying and traditional enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes[J]. Microbes and Environments, 2014,29(3):261-268.
[46] Xu J, Pang H L, He J G, et al. Start-up of aerobic granular biofilm at low temperature:Performance and microbial community dynamics[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2020,698:134311.
[47] Katharina K, Hanna K, Sebastian L, et al. Characterization of the first Nitrotoga isolate reveals metabolic versatility and separate evolution of widespread nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[J]. mBio, 2018,9(4):e01186-18.
[48] Spieck E, Wegen S, Keuter S. Relevance of Candidatus Nitrotoga for nitrite oxidation in technical nitrogen removal systems[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021,105(19):7123-7139.
[49] Aqeel H, Basuvaraj M, Hall M, et al. Microbial dynamics and properties of aerobic granules developed in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with an intermediate filamentous bulking stage[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016,100(1):447-460.
[50] 梁幸,孔令露.噬几丁质菌属及其天然产物研究进展[J]. 工业微生物, 2023,53(1):22-25. Liang X,Kong L L. Advances in the study of chitinophagous genera and their natural products[J]. Industrial Microbiology, 2023,53(1):22-25.
[51] De Celis M, Belda I, Ortiz-Álvarez R, et al. Tuning up microbiome analysis to monitor WWTPs' biological reactors functioning[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020,10(1):1-8.
[52] Liu C S, Xu J, Lee D J, et al. Denitrifying sulfide removal process on high-tetracycline wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016,205:254-257. |
|
|
|
