秋冬季不同天气类型PM<sub>1</sub>中金属元素污染来源及健康风险评估——以青岛市为例

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Abstract Over four consecutive autumn-winter seasons spanning from 2018 to 2022, a comprehensive analysis was conducted involving daily sampling of atmospheric PM₁ and the subsequent examination of 20 distinct metal elements. The characteristics and sources of metal elements under different weather conditions were analyzed, and their health risks were assessed. The results revealed that on dust days, metal element content (2022.88±2298.00) ng/m³ and their proportion in PM₁ (6.63%) were higher compared to other weather conditions. Specifically, the metal element content on haze and polluted fog days was 2.06 and 1.70 times higher than on clean days. Carcinogenic metal elements (Ni, Cd, As, Cr, Co, and Pb) and non-carcinogenic metal elements (Mn, Zn, Cu, V, Al, and Ba) showed higher enrichment factors on haze and polluted fog days. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis identified primary sources of metal elements in PM₁, including vehicular emissions, coal/biomass combustion, sea salt, crustal sources, industrial emissions, and maritime sources. Vehicular emissions and coal/biomass combustion notably contributed over 72.1% during foggy and hazy days, while maritime sources increased to 1.9% on clear fog days. Backward air trajectory analysis demonstrated that haze days were mainly affected by the transmission of pollutants from northwest to medium and long distances. Ocean-land circulation mainly affected polluted fog days, while dust days were dominated by long-distance transport of northwest dust masses. The non-carcinogenic risks via respiratory exposure to metallic elements in PM₁ were deemed negligible. However, the lifetime carcinogenic risks of As and Cr exceeded the threshold of 10^-6 but remained below 10^-4, with the highest risk probability observed during polluted fog and haze days. Consequently, it's recommended to intensify emission control measures targeting As and Cr sources in industrial processes such as coal combustion, metallurgy, and electroplating, particularly during heavy pollution episodes in autumn and winter.

Key words： metal elements source apportionment health risk assessment PM₁ Qingdao

Received: 04 January 2024

PACS:

X513

Corresponding Authors: 张宜升,副教授,doctorzys@163.com E-mail: doctorzys@163.com

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	DU Jin-hua
	TAO Wen-xin
	ZHANG Yi-sheng
	LIU Zi-yang
	YANG Jian-li
	ZHANG Su-fan
	WANG Chao-long
	CUI Shan-shan
	XUE-Lian
	ZHANG Hou-yong
	SUN Ying-jie

Cite this article:

DU Jin-hua,TAO Wen-xin,ZHANG Yi-sheng等. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of metal elements in PM₁ on different weather types during autumn and winter-A case study of Qingdao[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(8): 4179-4192.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/ OR http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V44/I8/4179

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