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| Characteristics and source identification of heavy metal pollution in shallow topsoil in Yinchuan City |
| LAI Juan-juan1, YANG De-yu2, LIU Liang1, MA Fan3, WANG Yan-yu1 |
1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, College of Forestry & College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
2. Beijing Greensource Environment planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China;
3. School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China |
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Abstract To comprehensively assess the status of heavy metal contamination in the topsoil of a city in Northwest China, this study focused on the 0~2cm surface layer in Yinchuan City. The Single Factor Index, Nemerow Pollution Index, and Potential Ecological Risk Index were utilized to gauge heavy metal pollution and potential ecological hazards. The spatial distribution patterns of soil heavy metals were examined using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were employed to identify pollution sources. Subsequently, the research expanded to include an analysis of topsoil heavy metal contamination in several key cities across Northwest China, with a discussion on the regional implications of the findings. The study revealed that concentrations of Ni and Cr in Yinchuan's shallow topsoil were relatively low, whereas Cu, Pb, and Zn demonstrated varying levels of accumulation, with Cd exhibiting significant enrichment. The average values of Cr and Ni were lower than the background values of Ningxia soil, which were 0.95 and 0.73 times the background values, respectively. The average values of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn elements were higher than the background values of Ningxia soil, which were 1.70 times, 1.00 times, 1.08 times, and 1.09 times, respectively. The pollution levels, according to the Single Factor Index, were ranked as Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Ni, and the average Nemerow Pollution Index indicated a mild pollution level. Ecological risk assessments showed minor risks associated with Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and the comprehensive potential ecological risk index suggested an overall slight risk. In Yinchuan, shallow topsoil concentrations of Cr and Ni were predominantly originated from natural sources, while Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were mainly attributed to transportation and agricultural activities, with Cd also being impacted by industrial pollution. Heavy metals in urban soils across Northwest China exhibited some degree of enrichment, yet accumulation levels were not excessive, and the primary contributors were transportation, industry, and natural sources. The significant presence of Cd in the soils of Northwest China was concerning and warranted close scrutiny with respect to industrial, agricultural, and transportation developments.
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Received: 06 January 2024
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Corresponding Authors:
刘亮,副研究员,liuliang@njfu.edu.cn
E-mail: liuliang@njfu.edu.cn
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[7] 王信凯,张艳霞,黄标,等.长江三角洲典型城市农田土壤重金属累积特征与来源[J]. 土壤学报, 2021,58(1):82-91. Wang X K, Zhang Y X, Huang B, et al. Accumulation and Sources of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil in a City Typical of the Yangtze River Delta, China [J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2021,58(1):82-91.
[8] 韩宝华,胡永浩,段星星,等.西北地区重金属元素累积现状及典型地区成因分析[J]. 西北地质, 2022,55(3):318-325. Han B H, Hu Y H, Duan X X, et al. Accumulation Status of Heavy Metals in Northwest China and Analysis of Causes in Typical Areas [J]. Northwestern Geology, 2022,55(3):318-325.
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[11] Wen Q Q, Yang L S, Yu J P, et al. Sources and Risk Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Plateau Soils Predicted by Geo-Detectors [J]. Remote Sensing, 2023,15(6):1588.
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ZHANG Hou-yong, SUI Hao-xin, WANG Zai-feng, ZHANG Su-fan, DU Ming-yue, GE Xuan, WANG Ming, TAO Wen-xin, XU Hong-yu, GU Da-sa, ZHANG Yi-sheng. Characteristics and sources of Volatile Organic Compounds in urban Jinan, China[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(9): 4765-4777. |
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