2021年8月在贝加尔针茅草甸草原刈割、自由放牧与围封(对照)样地进行土壤线虫采集,探究草地不同利用方式对土壤线虫群落结构特征及代谢足迹的影响.本研究共捕获土壤线虫15632条,隶属于55属,群落优势属为鹿角唇属(Cervidellus),垫咽属(Tylencholaimus)和丝尾垫刃属(Filenchus),分别占总捕获量的7.05%,7.14%和6.18%.较围封生境, 线虫总多度在自由放牧生境显著降低.从功能类群来看,3种生境下植食性线虫(33.84% ~ 37.45%)与c-p 2类群(38.78% ~ 47.58%)相对多度占比最大,且均在刈割生境与自由放牧生境显著增加.从多样性与生态指数来看,相较于围封,自由放牧生境成熟度指数(MI)与富集指数(EI)显著下降,基础指数(BI)显著增加,表明在自由放牧生境线虫群落多样性及稳定性降低,而食物网抗干扰能力增强;刈割生境结构指数(SI)显著提高,刈割生境食物网连通性提高,食物链加长.且在不同草地利用方式下线虫通路比值(NCR)>0.5瓦斯乐思卡指数(WI)>1,说明草甸草原土壤矿化途径的主要承担者是食微线虫,有机质分解以细菌通道为主.从代谢足迹来看,刈割和自由放牧生境均降低了线虫复合代谢足迹(TNf)和功能代谢足迹,食物网处于结构化状态,围封生境显著增加了线虫群落的整体活性和碳流动,食物网处于较为稳定的代谢平衡状态.不同草地利用方式下地下生物量(BGB),植物个体数(P-N)和速效钾(AK)是影响线虫群落发展的主要环境因子.综上所述,土壤线虫群落结构在不同草地利用方式下差异显著,不同生境中环境因子的变化是驱动土壤线虫群落变化的主要因子.
Abstract
In August 2021, soil nematodes were collected from mowed, free-grazed, and fenced (control) plots of Stipa baicalensis meadow grassland to investigate the effects of different grassland utilization on the structural characteristics and metabolic footprints of soil nematode communities. A total of 15632 soil nematodes belonging to 55 genera were captured in this study, and the dominant genera were Cervidellus, Tylencholaimus, and Filenchus, which accounted for 7.05%, 7.14%, and 6.18% of the total captures, respectively. The total nematode abundance was significantly lower in free-grazing habitats compared to fenced habitats. In terms of functional groups, the relative abundance of phytophagous nematodes (33.84% ~ 37.45%) and c-p 2groups (38.78% ~ 47.58%) was the largest in all three habitats, and both of them increased significantly in mowed and free-grazing habitats. Concerning diversity and ecological indices, the Maturity index (MI) and Enrichment index (EI) of free-grazing habitats decreased significantly, and the basal index (BI) increased significantly. This indicates that the diversity and stability of nematode communities decreased in free-grazing habitats, and the food web increased in resistance to disturbance. The Structural index (SI) of mowing habitats increased significantly, indicating that the connectivity of food webs in mowing habitats increased, and the food chain was lengthened. The Nematode channel ratio (NCR) is >0.5and the Wasilewska index (WI) is >1under different grassland utilization modes, indicating that the microbial nematodes were the main bearers of the soil mineralization pathway in the meadow grassland, and the bacterial pathway dominates the decomposition of organic matter. Concerning metabolic footprints, both mowing and free-grazing habitats decreased the compound metabolic footprint (TNf) and functional metabolic footprint of nematodes, and the food webs were in a structured state. In contrast, fenced habitats significantly increased the overall activity and carbon flow of nematode communities, and the food webs were in a more stable metabolic equilibrium state. The below-ground biomass (BGB), the number of plant individuals (P-N), and available potassium (AK) were the main environmental factors affecting the development of nematode communities under different grassland utilization. In conclusion, the soil nematode community structure varied significantly among different grassland utilization modes, and the changes of environmental factors in different habitats were the main factors driving the changes of soil nematode community.
关键词
草地利用方式 /
草甸草原 /
代谢足迹 /
群落特征 /
土壤动物
Key words
community structure /
grassland utilization modes /
meadow steppe /
metabolic footprint /
soil fauna
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31170435)
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