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| Sources and risk assessment of heavy metals in PM2.5 around 2014 Spring Festival in Nanjing |
| WANG Wei1,2, KONG Shao-fei1,2,3, LIU Hai-biao1,2, YAN Qin1,2, YIN Yan1,2, ZHANG Xiao-ru1,2, LI Xu-xu1,2 |
1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
3. School of Environment, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China |
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Abstract Daily PM2.5 samples were collected around the 2014 Spring Festival (SF) at a suburban site of Nanjing and twelve kinds of heavy elements were analyzed. Sources were identified by enrichment factor (EF), cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Human health risks of heavy metals were assessed. Results showed that during SF, the average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 11.4% higher than that for pre-SF period. After the SF, PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 31.1%. The mass concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb and Pb decreased by 5.5% (V) ~56.7% (Zn), when compared with those for pre-SF period. The variation of PM2.5 and associated elements reflected the sources variation of industrial plants, vehicle emission and fireworks burning. The concentration of Ba during SF period was 16.2times of that for pre-SF period, and then decreased by 94%, indicating firework burning was an important source of it. EF and geoaccumulation index showed that Cd, Sb, Pb, Cu, As, Ni, Ba and Zn are heavily enriched, with the EFs values ranging in 21~2259. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that industrial emissions and coal combustion, fireworks burning and vehicle exhaust, industrial process are the main sources of heavy metals, contributing by 57.5%, 12.4% and 9.9%, respectively. Health risk assessment results indicated that during SF, the risk levels of carcinogenic elements-Cr, Co, Ni, As and Cd were 2.0×10-6, 8.9×10-9, 1.3×10-8, 1.9×10-7 and 7.7×10-9, respectively. Except for Cr, the values were below the carcinogenic risk threshold range (10-6~10-4), at an acceptable level.
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Received: 10 December 2015
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