Sources and risk assessment of atmospheric heavy metals in the vicinity of Dabao Mountain mining area

WU Kai-zhang; LIU Ming; LUO Zhong-hua; CHEN Lai-guo; CAI Li-mei; WANG An-hou; ZHENG Yu; LU Hai-tao

PDF(955 KB)

China Environmental Science ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12) : 6270-6280.

Air Pollution Control

Sources and risk assessment of atmospheric heavy metals in the vicinity of Dabao Mountain mining area

WU Kai-zhang^1,2, LIU Ming², LUO Zhong-hua³, CHEN Lai-guo², CAI Li-mei¹, WANG An-hou⁴, ZHENG Yu⁵, LU Hai-tao²

Author information +

History +

Abstract

To understand the pollution characteristics and potential ecological and health risks of heavy metals in atmospheric PM_2.5 around Dabaoshan polymetallic mining area, PM_2.5 samples were collected and analyzed for 15 heavy metals including Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl and Pb from August 20 to September 10, 2022 and October 18 to November 8, 2022, at Tielong Middle School, Tielong Town, Wengyuan County. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was utilized in conjunction with correlation analysis was to identify the source of relevant heavy metals. Additionally, risk assessments were conducted employing both the potential ecological risk model and health risk model. The findings revealed that out of the fifteen metals analyzed in atmospheric PM_2.5, Al, Zn, Pb, and Mn exhibited the highest concentrations, collectively accounting for 87.8% of the total measured metal concentration. Their average concentrations were determined as follows: Al (112.70ng/m³), Zn (11.96ng/m³), Pb (68.53ng/m³)and Mn (26.82ng/m³). The remaining heavy metals displayed average concentrations ranging from 0.12ng/m³ to 7.99ng/m³. Variations in seasonal distribution of different metal elements were influenced by the emission from different pollution sources under varying wind directions. Atmospheric PM_2.5 primarily contains heavy metals originating from six main sources: cement production (13.8%), metal smelting (24.6%), dust sources (13.7%), sludge disposal (19.4%), traffic sources (9.4%), and a composite source of natural sources and agricultural sources (19.1%). The results of the ecological risk and health analysis evaluation showed that the comprehensive ecological risk level of heavy metals in the study area was classified as “strong”. Specifically, Cd posed an “extremely high” ecological risk, Sb exhibited a “strong” ecological risk, while the remaining heavy metals posed a “slight” ecological risk. The overall non-carcinogenic risk from heavy metals was relatively low. However, Cr presented a significant carcinogenic risk, and both As and Cd carried certain carcinogenic risks.

Key words

health risks / heavy metal / PM_2.5 / PMF model / source apportionment

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

WU Kai-zhang, LIU Ming, LUO Zhong-hua, CHEN Lai-guo, CAI Li-mei, WANG An-hou, ZHENG Yu, LU Hai-tao. Sources and risk assessment of atmospheric heavy metals in the vicinity of Dabao Mountain mining area[J]. China Environmental Science. 2023, 43(12): 6270-6280

References

[1] 乔宝文,刘子锐,胡波,等.北京冬季PM_2.5中金属元素浓度特征和来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2017,38(3):876-883. Qiao B W, Liu Z R, Hu B, et al. Concentration characteristics and sources of trace metals in PM_2.5 during winter time in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(3):876-883.
[2] 任万辉,李云丹,苏枞枞,等.沈阳市大气PM_2.5中重金属污染特征、来源解析及健康风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 2021,40(4):1029-1037. Ren W H, Li Y D, Su Z Z, et al. Pollution characteristics,source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in PM_2.5 in Shenyang[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021,40(4):1029-1037.
[3] 王伟,孔少飞,刘海彪,等.南京市春节前后大气PM_2.5中重金属来源及健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(7): 2186-2195. Wang W, Kong S F, Liu H B, et al. Sources and risk assessment of heavy metals in PM_2.5 around 2014 Spring Festival in Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(7):2186-2195.
[4] Gao Y, Ji H. Microscopic morphology and seasonal variation of health effect arising from heavy metals in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ One-year measurement in a densely populated area of urban Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2018,212:213-226.
[5] Chang Y, Huang K, Xie M, et al. First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018,18(16):11793-11812.
[6] 郭曌霞,耿红,张晋宏,等.山西省武乡县城大气PM_2.5痕量重金属的生态和健康风险分析[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(3):1004-1013. Guo Z X, Geng H, Zhang J H, et al. Ecological and health risks of trace heavy metals in atmospheric PM_2.5 collected in Wuxiang Town, Shanxi Province[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(3):1004-1013.
[7] 沈建东,周玉强,王蕴赟,等.杭州西湖景区PM_2.5中重金属来源及健康风险评价[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2020,42(2):199-203. Shen J D, Zhou Y Q, Wang Y B, et al. Sources and healthy risk assessment of heavy metals in PM_2.5of West Lake scenic area in Hangzhou[J]. Environmental Pollution And Prevention, 2020,42(2): 199-203.
[8] 袁鸾,徐伟嘉,岳玎利,等.广州不同环境空气PM_2.5中金属元素污染特征与风险评价[J]. 中国环境监测, 2021,37(6):91-100. Yuan L, Xu W J, Yue D L, et al. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of metals in ambient PM_2.5 in Guangzhou[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2021,37(6):91-100.
[9] 李剑锋,冯李霄,张遵遵,等.湖南某矿区土壤重金属污染及健康风险评价[J]. 中国地质: 2023,50(3):897-910. Li J F, Feng L X, Zhang Z Z, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil of a Mining area in Hunan Province[J]. Geology in China: 2023,50(3):897-910.
[10] 王昌宇,张素荣,刘继红,等.雄安新区某金属冶炼区土壤重金属污染程度及风险评价[J]. 中国地质, 2021,48(6):1697-1709. Wang C Y, Zhang S R, Liu J H, et al. Pollution level and risk assessment of heavy metals in a metal smelting area of Xiong'an New District[J]. Geology in China, 2021,48(6):1697-1709.
[11] Xu D M, Fu R B, Liu H Q, et al. Current knowledge from heavy metal pollution in Chinese smelter contaminated soils, health risk implications and associated remediation progress in recent decades: A critical review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021,286:124989.
[12] 王国保,鲁荔,韦高玲,等.大宝山污灌区水体与土壤重金属污染分析与评价[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2016,39(S2):444-448. Wang B G, Lu L, Wei G L, et al. Analysis and evaluation of heavy metal pollution for water and soils in dabaoshan sewage irrigation area[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,39(S2):444-448.
[13] 黄飞,王泽煌,蔡昆争,等.大宝山尾矿库区水体重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学研究, 2016,29(11):1701-1708. Huang F, Wang Z H, Cai Z K, et al. Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in water of tailing zone in Dabaoshan mine, Guangdong Province, China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences 2016,29(11):1701-1708.
[14] 魏洪斌,罗明,向垒,等.矿业废弃地重金属形态分布特征与迁移转化影响机制分析[J]. 环境科学, 2023,44(6):3573-3584. Wei H B, Luo M, Xiang L, et al. Analysis on the distribution characteristics and influence mechanism of migration and transformation of heavy metals in mining wasteland[J]. Environmental Science, 2023,44(6):3573-3584.
[15] 魏青,陈文怡,金麟先,等.枣庄市大气PM_2.5重金属元素健康风险评价及污染来源解析[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2020,26(6):69-78. Wei Q, Chen W Y, Jin L X, et al. Health risk assessment and source analysis of heavy metal elements in PM_2.5 in Zaozhuang city[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2020,26(6):69-78.
[16] 田春晖,杨若杼,古丽扎尔·依力哈木,等.南京市大气降尘重金属污染水平及风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(7):3118-3125. Tian C H, Yang R Z, Gu Li Zha E Y L H M, et al. Pollution Levels and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals from Atmospheric Deposition in Nanjing[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(7):3118-3125.
[17] 徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2008,31(2):112-115. Xu Z Q, Ni S J, Tuo X G, et al. Calculation of Heavy Metals Toxicity Coefficient in the Evaluation of Potential Ecological Risk Index[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008,31(2):112-115.
[18] 国家环境保护局主持,中国环境监测总站主编.中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1990:329-483. Hosted by the National Environmental Protection Administration and edited by the China Environmental Monitoring Station. Background values of soil elements in China.[M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1999:329-483.
[19] 李宏艳,赵志新,何秋生,等.山西介休焦化区大气PM_2.5中重金属的污染特征、关键毒性组分与来源[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(4): 1528-1538. Li H Y, Zhao Z X, He Q S, et al. Pollution characteristics, key toxic components and sources of PM_2.5 bound heavy metals in coking polluted area of Jiexiu, Shanxi[J]. China Environmental Science: 2023, 43(4):1528-1538.
[20] US EPA. Exposure factors handbook (2011 Edition)[R]. Washington: National Center for Environmental Assessment, 2011.
[21] 生态环境部.中国人群暴露参数手册[M]. 成人卷.北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2013. Ministry of Environmental Protection. Chinese Population Exposure Parameter Manual[M]. Adult Volume. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2013.
[22] 郑永立,温汉辉,蔡立梅,等.基于PMF模型的县域尺度土壤重金属来源分析及风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2023,44(9):5242-5252. Zheng Y L, Wen H H, Cai L M, et al. Source Analysis and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soi l of County Scale Based on PMF Model[J]. Environmental Science, 2023,44(9):5242-5252.
[23] GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. GB 3095-2012 Ambient air quality standards[S].
[24] 田俊杰,黄成,赵秀阁,等.上海市典型地区环境空气可吸入颗粒物中重金属污染水平及健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019,39(11):3924-3931. Tian J J, Huang C, Zhao X G, et al. Pollution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the inhalable particulate matter in the typical areas,Shanghai[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019,39(11): 3924-3931.
[25] 杨怀金,杨德容,叶芝祥,等.成都西南郊区春季PM_2.5中元素特征及重金属潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2016,37(12):4490-4503. Yang H J, Yang D R, Ye Z X, et al. Characteristics of Elements and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM_2.5 at the Southwest Suburb of Chengdu in Spring[J]. Environmental Science, 2016,37(12):4490-4503.
[26] 王显钦,费学海,杨员,等.贵阳市花溪城区PM_2.5中重金属元素的污染特征、来源及健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2023,43(6): 110-118. Wang X Q, Fei X H, Yang Y, et al. Pollution characteristics source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metal elements in PM_2.5 collected in Huaxi Urban Areas, Guiyang[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2023,43(6):110-118.
[27] 徐伟嘉,林满,岳玎利,等.东莞大气PM_2.5中金属元素污染特征与生态风险[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2021,44(S1):155-160. Xu W J, Lin M, Yue D L, et al. The Pollution Characteristic and Ecological Risk of Atmospheric Fine-particle-bound Metals in Dongguan[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2021,44(S1): 155-160.
[28] 张松,郑刘根,陈永春,等.淮南矿区道路环境大气颗粒物重金属污染特征及来源解析[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2020,42(7):912-916,928. Zhang S, Zheng L G, Chen Y C, et al. Characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metals in atmospheric particles at roadside of Huainan mining area[J]. Environmental Pollution And Prevention, 2020,42(7):912-916,928.
[29] 毕文婕,方小珍,吴建会,等.有色金属矿区PM₁₀中重金属的污染特征与来源[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2017,39(6):640-643. Bi W J, Fang X Z, Wu J H, et al. Characteristics and source analysis of PM₁₀ heavy metals in non-ferrous mining area[J]. Environmental Pollution And Prevention, 2017,39(6):640-643.
[30] 刘骥,潘果,覃金凤,等.水泥中水溶性铬(Ⅵ)和总铬的主要来源分析[J]. 水泥技术, 2022,(1):23-26. Liu J, Pan G, Qin J F, et al. Investigation on Mainly Sources of Water-soluble Chromium(Ⅵ) and the Total Chromium for Cement[J]. Cement Technology, 2022,(1):23-26.
[31] 朱慧萍,方凤满,林跃胜,等.荻港镇某水泥厂周边不同介质中重金属含量、来源及潜在生态风险分析[J]. 环境化学, 2017,36(12):2711-2718. Zhu H P, Fang F M, Lin Y S, et al. Distribution,source apportionment and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in different environmental media around a cement factory in Digang Town[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2017,36(12):2711-2718.
[32] 林晓辉,赵阳,樊孝俊,等.南昌市秋季大气PM_2.5中金属元素富集特征及来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2016,37(1):35-40. Lin X H, Zhao Y, Fan X J, et al. Enrichment Characteristics and Source Analysis of Metal Elements in PM_2.5 in Autumn in Nanchang City[J]. Environmental Science, 2016,37(1):35-40.
[33] Liang F, Zhang G, Tan M, et al. Lead in children's blood is mainly caused by coal-fired ash after phasing out of leaded gasoline in Shanghai[J]. Environmental science & technology, 2010,44(12): 4760-4765.
[34] Zhao S, Tian H, Luo L, et al. Temporal variation characteristics and source apportionment of metal elements in PM_2.5 in urban Beijing during 2018~2019[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021,268:115856.
[35] Farahani V J, Soleimanian E, Pirhadi M, et al. Long-term trends in concentrations and sources of PM_2.5-bound metals and elements in central Los Angeles[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2021,253:118361.
[36] Lu X, Pan H, Wang Y. Pollution evaluation and source analysis of heavy metal in roadway dust from a resource-typed industrial city in Northwest China[J]. Atmospheric pollution research, 2017,8(3):587-595.
[37] Zhao C, Wang Y, Su Z, et al. Respiratory exposure to PM_2.5 soluble extract disrupts mucosal barrier function and promotes the development of experimental asthma[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2020,730:139145.
[38] 庄马展.厦门大气PM_2.5中元素特征及重金属健康风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 2016,35(8):1723-1732. Zhuang M Z. Characteristic of elements in PM_2.5 and health risk assessment of heavy metals at Xiamen[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2016,35(8):1723-1732.
[39] 刘建伟,晁思宏,陈艳姣,等.北京市不同年龄人群PM_2.5载带重金属的健康风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(4):1540-1549. Liu J W, Chao S H, Chen Y J, et al. Health risk of PM_2.5-bound heavy metals for different age population in Beijing, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(4):1540-1549.
[40] Zhang X, Ma G, Liu M, et al. Removal of residual element tin in the ferrous metallurgy process: A review[J]. Metals, 2019,9(8):834.
[41] 蔡立梅,马瑾,周永章,等.东莞市农业土壤重金属的空间分布特征及来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2008,29(12):3496-3502. Cai L M, Mang J, Zhou Y Z, et al. Multivariate Geostatistics and GIS-based Approach to Study the Spatial Distribution and Sources of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil in the Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Environmental Science, 2008,29(12):3496-3502.
[42] 李曾曾,王平,丁文慈,等.2019年三亚市PM_2.5微量元素的源解析和健康评价[J]. 环境化学, 2023,42(7):2282-2291. Li Z Z, Wang P, Ding W C, et al. Source analysis and health assessment of PM_2.5 trace elements in Sanya City in 2019[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2023,42(7):2282-2291.
[43] 曹晓凡.我国工业铊污染产排节点与治理[J]. 有色金属(冶炼部分), 2023,(1):131-137. Cao X F. Production and Discharge Nodes and Treatment Technologies of Industrial Thallium Pollution in China[J]. Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy), 2023,(1):131-137.
[44] 沈伯雄,郭彩霞,吴顺伟,等.焚烧污泥重金属迁移的研究进展[J]. 电站系统工程, 2008,(1):15-16,40. Shen B X, Guo C X, Wu S W, et al. Research Progress of Heavy Trace Metal Migration During the Incineration of Sludge[J]. Power System Engineering, 2008,(1):15-16,40.
[45] 王春霖,张永波,陈永亨,等.重金属铊在典型排放源周边大气颗粒物中的形态及来源分析[J]. 环境保护科学, 2016,42(2):114-119. Wang C L, Zhang Y B, Chen Y H, et al. Speciation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Thallium in Airborne Particles around the Typical Pollution Emission Sources[J]. Environmental Protection Science, 2016,42(2):114-119.
[46] 姚青,韩素芹,蔡子颖.天津采暖期大气PM_2.5中重金属元素污染及其生态风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(9):1596-1600. Yao Q, Han S Q, Cai Z Y, et al. The pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in PM_2.5during heating season in Tianjin[J]. China Environmental Sciences, 2013,33(9): 1596-1600.
[47] De Silva S, Ball A S, Huynh T, et al. Metal accumulation in roadside soil in Melbourne, Australia: Effect of road age, traffic density and vehicular speed[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,208:102-109.
[48] 杨似玉,闫晓娜,彭靖,等.郑州市两城区大气PM_2.5中金属、类金属污染特征及健康风险评估[J]. 山东大学学报(医学版), 2021,59(12): 70-77. Yang S Y, Yan X N, Peng J, et al. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in PM_2.5 in two districts of Zhengzhou[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021,59(12):70-77.
[49] 邱雨荷,王森,刘婉玉,等.西安市大气PM_2.5中元素的污染特征及其来源分析[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2023,46(1):161-170. Qiu Y H, Wang S, Liu W Y, et al. Characteristics and Sources of Elements in PM_2.5 in Xi'an City[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2023,46(1):161-170.
[50] Luo H, Wang Q, Guan Q, et al. Heavy metal pollution levels, source apportionment and risk assessment in dust storms in key cities in Northwest China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,422:126878.
[51] 宋清泉,徐夕博,吴泉源,等.基于PMF模型的土壤重金属定量源解析及环境风险评价[J]. 湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 2022,45(1): 76-83. Song Q Q, Xu Y B, Wu Q y, et al. Quantitative Analysis of Environmental Risk of Heavy Metal Sources in Soil Based on PMF Model[J]. Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University, 2022,45(1):76-83.
[52] 杨宇,周佳俊,郭婷婷,等.基于小流域尺度的矿区农田土壤重金属源解析[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2023,42(9):1956-1963. Yang Y, Zhou J J, Guo T T, et al. Source analysis of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in a mining area based on a small watershed scale[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2023,42(9):1956-1963.
[53] 李颖泉,赵保卫,牛武江,等.兰州市主城区大气降尘和表层土壤重金属污染特征与评价[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2020,20(4):1440-1448. Li Y Q, Zhao B W, Niu W J, et al. Special heavy metal pollution features in atmospheric dust-fall and top soil in main urban districts of Lanzhou[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2020,20(4):1440-1448.
[54] 何佳,时迪,王贝贝,等.10种典型重金属在八大流域的生态风险及水质标准评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(7):2970-2982. He J, Shi D, Wang B B, et al. Ecological risk assessment and water quality standard evaluation of 10typical metals in eight basins in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(7):2970-2982.
[55] 徐静,李杏茹,张兰,等.北京城郊PM_2.5中金属元素的污染特征及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(6):2501-2509. Xu J, Li X R, Zhang L, et al. Concentration and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM_2.5 Collected in Urban and Suburban Areas of Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(6): 2501-2509.
[56] 吴庆瑶,张丽娟,丁平,等.常州某纺织工业园区周边PM_2.5和PM₁₀中重金属源解析及健康风险评估[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2023, 13(1):114-121. Wu Q Y, Zhang L J, Ding P, et al. Source analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ around a textile industrial park in Changzhou[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2023,13(1):114-121.