Flushing and separating effects for nitrobenzene contaminated soil by a redox-switchable surfactant

GENG Fei; YAO Yu; FU Yu-feng; ZHANG Hui; QIN Chuan-yu; REN Li-ming

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China Environmental Science ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12) : 6509-6517.

Soil Pollution Control

Flushing and separating effects for nitrobenzene contaminated soil by a redox-switchable surfactant

GENG Fei^1,2,3, YAO Yu^1,2,3, FU Yu-feng^1,2,3, ZHANG Hui^1,2,3, QIN Chuan-yu^1,2,3, REN Li-ming⁴

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Abstract

A redox-switchable surfactant, 11-ferrocene undecanoyl trimethylammonium bromide (FcCOC10N), was synthesized in this study, achieving the “on” and “off” of its surface activity through the oxidation and reduction state transition of the ferrocene groups. The aim was to facilitate the separation and recovery of the surfactant while improving the remediation of polluted soil by organic contaminates through soil flushing technique. The differences in physical and chemical properties of FcCOC10N before and after the redox reaction indicated its good redox-reversible characteristics. The FcCOC10N solution and nitrobenzene were easily emulsified into an emulsion with small and uniform droplets, which was immediately demulsified and separated with the addition of an oxidant. Moreover, no change was observed for the properties of the emulsion formed by FcCOC10N and nitrobenzene after repeated 5switches, with a demulsification efficiency of > 80%, demonstrating a good emulsification and demulsification cyclic capability between FcCOC10N and nitrobenzene. Flushing of nitrobenzene-contaminated soil was conducted to remove the non-aqueous phase pollutants from the soil via emulsification, with the highest emulsification removal efficiency of 92.40%. Residual nitrobenzene in the soil was further removed through demulsification and separation of nitrobenzene and recycling of FcCOC10N, with a final removal efficiency of 94.70%.

Key words

contaminated soil flushing / emulsification/demulsification / nitrobenzene / redox-switchable surfactant / separation and recovery

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GENG Fei, YAO Yu, FU Yu-feng, ZHANG Hui, QIN Chuan-yu, REN Li-ming. Flushing and separating effects for nitrobenzene contaminated soil by a redox-switchable surfactant[J]. China Environmental Science. 2023, 43(12): 6509-6517

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