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| Environmental behaviors and biological effects of metal sulfide ultrafine particles |
| GUAN Wen-yu, ZHANG Zhan-hua, ZHANG Tong |
| Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China |
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Abstract Metal sulfide ultrafine particles at the micro- and nano-scale are widely present in the natural environment. They possess unique physicochemical properties and reactivity that are different from their large-size counterparts. Accurately understanding their sources, environmental behaviors, and biological effects, and then evaluating their potential health risks to humans and the environment, have become one of the hot topics in the field of environmental science. In this paper, we reviewed the natural and anthropogenic sources of ultrafine metal sulfide particles, with a focus on analyzing their environmental behaviors, such as aggregation, transformation, and adsorption, and their effects on organisms. Finally, we highlighted current research challenges such as the accurate identification and quantification of ultrafine particles, the interface reactions between ultrafine particles and pollutants or biological cells, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between ultrafine particles and organisms, and the development of in-situ characterization techniques in living organisms.
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Received: 08 June 2023
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