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| Fate and ecological regulation of steroidal estrogens in subsurface environment |
| SONG Xiao-ming1, YANG Yue-suo1,2, WEN Yu-juan1, M. Adeel1, WANG Yuan-yuan1, YANG Xin-yao1 |
1. Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China;
2. College of Environment and recourses, Changchun 130012, China |
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Abstract This paper reviewed the sources, hazard and environmental fate of typical steroidal estrogens, both conjugate and free phases, in environment. The migration and transformation processes of steroidal estrogens through soil and shallow groundwater system, such as sorption and biodegradation, were thoroughly reviewed. The most popular treatment technologies and risk management practices were also critically summarized. Finally, based on current studies on the penetration and ecological impact of steroidal estrogens in vadose zone and shallow groundwater system, the perspectives of future research was proposed.
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Received: 05 January 2016
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