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| Tolerance and indicator characteristics of Ulva pertusa under sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin stress |
| CHEN You-yuan1, DI Yue-li1, LU Shuang1, WU Dan2, SUN Ping1 |
1. Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering;College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
2. Urban Planning Bureau, Qingdao 266000, China |
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Abstract In order to gain fundamental insights into the tolerance and response characteristics of Ulva pertusa under SMZ (Sulfamethoxazole) and ETM (erythromycin) stress, the seawater culture experiment was conducted and a PCA (principal components analysis) was used to investigate its growth and physiology characteristics. The results showed that the growth of Ulva pertusa was promoted at a low-level concentration of SMZ (0.50mg/L), which was indicated by the significant elevation of the RGR (relative growth rate) (P<0.05). However, the growth of Ulva pertusa was inhibited at ETM ≥ 0.06mg/L. In addition, the physiological parameters indirectly reflected the tolerance of Ulva pertusa under SMZ and ETM stress. The cell membrane permeability of Ulva pertusa was destructed at a relatively high-level concentration of SMZ (≥ 2.50mg/L) and ETM (≥ 0.18mg/L), which was supported by the significant increase of the relative conductivity (P<0.05). The photosynthesis of Ulva pertusa began to be inhibitedat 0.50~1.50mg/L of SMZ and 0.06~0.18mg/L of ETM, indicated by the significant decrease of the Chla (chlorophyll a) content and the FBA (1, 6-diphosphate aldolase) activity (P<0.05). Significantly increases of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) content, MDA(malondialdehyde) content (P<0.05) and SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase) and GR (glutathione reductase) activities were observed under 1.50mg/L SMZ and 0.06mg/L ETM stress, which indicated the destruction of the antioxidant system balance. The results showed that the growth and metabolism of Ulva pertusa could be promoted at SMZ concentration of 0.50mg/L, but SMZ ≥ 1.50mg/L and ETM ≥ 0.06mg/L were beyond the tolerance capacity of Ulva pertusa, and Ulva pertusa was less vulnerable to SMZ stress than ETM stress. The PCA results showed that response indicators for cell membrane permeability, photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Ulva pertusa under SMZ stress were the relative electrical conductivity, FBA and Car (carotenoid), MDA, respectively, while under ETM stress were relative conductance, FBA and Car, MDA、CAT and APX (ascorbate peroxidase), respectively.
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Received: 20 January 2017
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