我国大气重金属干湿沉降特征及时空变化规律

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Abstract

This study investigated the characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of heavy metals in atmospheric dry and wet deposition in China based on literature review. Relevant results that were published over the last two decades (i.e., from 1995 to 2015) were searched through databases including CNKI, ISI Web of Science, Wanfang, CQVIP and Google Scholar and comprehensively analyzed and compared. The average or median concentration and annual flux of heavy metals were reported in this study. Our results showed that Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Ni and Hg concentrations in atmospheric dust were higher than the Level 1standards of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995) over the last twenty years with multiple of 3.0, 7.4, 7.9, 1.1, 16.5, 1.5, 1.2 and 2.3, respectively. At the same period, Pb and Hg concentrations in rainfalls exceeded the Class I standards of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). Compared to 1995~2005, Pb, Cr, Cd, As Mn and Ni concentrations in atmospheric dust decreased by 32%~50% within 2006~2015. It is noteworthy that Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni and Hg concentrations in atmospheric dust of south China were 60.9%, 44.2%, 137.5%, 34.2%, 68.0%, 7.3% and 25.0% higher than that in north China. Nevertheless, As and Mn concentrations were lower in south China.The annual fluxes of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Mn, Ni and Hg in atmospheric dry and wet deposition were (10.99±14.74), (78.87±313.23), (21.81±64.53), (10.38±48.10), (0.37±1.84), (2.54±3.85), (48.00±193.40), (4.79±13.56) and (0.04±0.16)mg/(m²·a), respectively; The annual fluxes of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Mn in atmospheric dry and wet deposition between 2006 and 2015 were increased by 11.6%, 37.3%, 39.1%, 95.9% and 117.6% when comparing with these between 1995 and 2005; While As, Ni and Hg were reduced by 41.0%, 21.8% and 50.0%, respectively; When comparing different regions of China, the annual fluxes of Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Mn and Ni in atmospheric dry and wet deposition in north were 42.6%, 16.3%, 96.8%, 130.5%, 307.1% and 124.2% higher than these in south respectively. By contrast, Pb and Cd annual fluxes in south were 22.9% and 30.3% higher than these in north. Thus, Cd, Pb and Hg have high priority in preventing heavy metals in soil from atmospheric dry and wet deposition.

Key words： atmospheric deposition heavy metal deposition fluxes spatial-temporal variation

Received: 17 April 2017

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	WANG Meng-meng
	YUAN Meng-yun
	SU De-chun

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WANG Meng-meng,YUAN Meng-yun,SU De-chun. Characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of heavy metals in atmospheric dry and wet deposition of China[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2017, 37(11): 4085-4096.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/ OR http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/Y2017/V37/I11/4085

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