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| Inactivation kinetics of cyclops by sodium hypochlorite and the intensification of inactivation effects with ultraviolet irradiation |
| HE Pan-pan1,2, NIE Xiao-bao1,2, JIANG Chang-bo1,2, TANG Yu-zi1,2, LONG Yuan-nan1,2, XU Chao1,2 |
1. School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
2. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Water, Sediment Sciences & Flood Hazard Prevention, Changsha 410004, China |
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Abstract Once entering into the water supply system, Cyclops, which breed in the source water due to eutrophication, will led to the contamination of drinking water. To effectively control the risk of Cyclops, the inactivation kinetics of Cyclops by NaClO was investigated systematically by appropriately increasing the range of CT values (the product of concentration of NaClO and reaction time) during the inactivation by NaClO. Meanwhile, the intensification of inactivation effect by UV irradiation was discussed. The results showed that the inactivation kinetics of Cyclops by NaClO satisfied the two phase delayed pseudo first-order kinetics process, and the activation energy of inactivated reaction was 3774 J/mol. The influence of pH values on the inactivation kinetics process of Cyclops by NaClO was realized through the changing of both the amount and the chemical stability of HOCl and ClO- in the solution. When CT value exceeded 70 mg×min/L, NaClO possessed the highest inactivation effectiveness under the neutral conditions, and less effectiveness under alkaline condition and the least effectiveness under acidic condition. The inactivation effectiveness of Cyclops by NaClO was decreased by the turbidity substances because of their blocking effects on the transport of NaClO from bulk liquid to the boundary layer on the surface of Cyclops. Furthermore, the turbidity substances adsorbed on the surface of Cyclops delayed the permeation process of NaClO from the surface to inside of Cyclops, and eventually reduced the inactivation effectiveness. Inactivation effectiveness of Cyclops by NaClO was enhanced by the UV irradiation, despite that the UV irradiation itself could not kill the Cyclop. After the UV irradiation, the lag phase of cyclop inactivation disappeared or decreased, and the rate constant of inactivation reaction increased. For the pH values 6, 7 and 8, after the UV irradiation, the rate constant of inactivation reaction increased from 0.0093 to 0.0105, 0.02185 to 0.02673 and 0.0206 to 0.0286, respectively.
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Received: 10 July 2017
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