The remote sensor data derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were used to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of urinary formaldehyde column concentrations in Heilongjiang province from 2005 to 2016, and the main influencing factors of formaldehyde column concentration were explored. The results showed an upward trend of formaldehyde column concentration in the past 12 years as a whole, with an average growth rate of 0.43×10¹⁵(molec×a)/cm². The frequency of formaldehyde column concentration revealed a trend of fluctuations in different years. For instance, from 2005 to 2013, the concentration saw a trend of rapid increase across the board. However, the data from 2013 to 2014 tended to more downward. The concentration from 2014 to 2016 remained to be stable. The concentration of formaldehyde decreased through the seasons with the highest in summer and the lowest in spring (levels:summer > autumn > winter > spring). The average monthly changes of formaldehyde column concentration were in accordance with the distribution of sinusoidal curve. The lowest value of formaldehyde concentration appeared in February to March, and the highest value was in June to July in general. The spatial distribution showed a clear gradient with "high in the south and low in the north" The high distribution districts were mainly gathered in the southern areas such as Harbin and Daqing, while the low-value areas were located in the DaXingAnLing and Heihe. The spatial density of formaldehyde column concentration varied significantly. From 2005 to 2008, the pollution value was within the Grade 1-4among Heilongjiang province. However, the pollution value jumped into the Grade 6for the first time in 2009. Not only the pollution level increased, but also the spatial distribution. From 2009 to 2013, the areas that were labeled Grade 6pollution expanded. While these areas saw a significant decrease in 2014, the pollution level remained between level 4to 6and distributed evenly from 2014 to 2016. The concentration distribution of a formaldehyde column could respond to the change of topography, wind direction, temperature, and precipitation. Energy consumption, industrial production, car ownership, building decoration, and fertilizer application were the important influencing factors for the shift in formaldehyde column.