The accumulation, dissipation and oxygen consumption of algal blooms would result in ecological disaster in the littoral zone. In order to discuss the effects of the vegetation and topography on the accumulation and dissipation of cyanobacteria bloom, different forms of enclosure, together with aquatic plants were constructed in the coastal zone of Lake Taihu, we observed the fluctuation of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and the synchronous change of nutrients. Results showed that stagnant environment was conducive for algae proliferation and accumulation, where built soft enclosure, and aquatic plants could promote algae accumulation. Algal bloom was the most earliest and serious in the emerged and floating-leaved aquatic plants restoration area. Chl-a raised to 457.42μg/L, the content of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) increased to 11.04mg/L and 1.32mg/L, and it was second serious in the enclosure, where restorated floating-leaved aquatic plants. Algal bloom was less accumulating in the floating-leaved and submerged macrophytes area. There was insignificant difference in the fishing net zone and control point. During the process of algal blooms, cyanobacteria continued to proliferate, then Chl-a raised more than TN and TP, and with the growth of algae and the denitrification effect of ecosystem, dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus decreased. When algal bloom dissipated, nutrients released into water, and dissolved nutrients raised most in the rubber enclosure. This study showed the risk characteristic of algal bloom in lakes. And the result will help to prevent the bloom risk and produce the control policy.